Total 1,029 Others qc engineer job vacancies in Others category

Job Responsibilities:

• Oversee the day-to-day operations.
• Plan, organize, coordinate and delegate to ensure smooth operation of the department daily.
• Oversee and updates of the Quality Management System and Standard of Procedures (SOPs), ensuring alignment with industry best practices and regulatory changes.
• Lead and conduct daily on-site inspections, ensuring compliance with quality standards, food safety regulations and operational procedures across production and retail outlets.
• Ensure analysis of food products via microbiological and physical testing, calibration of lab equipment and measurement tools, internal sensory evaluation are conducted as per schedule.
• Conduct hygiene training for the production personnel.
• Manage customers' complaints, lead investigations to determine the root cause and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
• Responsible for reporting any non-conformance of products/ processes/ hygiene violations in a timely manner.
• Promptly follow-up with contractors (chemical/ pest control) during routine servicing to ensure work orders are conducted as per contract.
• Monitor shelf-life, product sampling and quality testing activities.
• Supervise and conduct hygiene checks, product quality assessments and sample retention protocols to ensure adherence to internal and external standards.
• Development and continuous of improvement of food safety training materials, ensuring they are relevant, up-to-date and aligned with company's policies and industry standards.

Job Requirements:

• SINGAPOREANS ONLY
• Diploma/ Degree in Food Science/ Food Technology or related disciplines.
• Min. 3-5 years of work experience in QA/QC related field in food industry, preferably from food manufacturing/ food service/ food retail.
• Familiar with food regulatory/ retail hygiene requirements is an advantage.
• Excellent analytical and problem-solving skills.
• Good initiative and effective communication skills.
• Able to manage multiple tasks and easily adapt to changing situations.

Our esteemed client in the Construction industry is seeking an Assistant QA/QC Manager to join their dynamic team.

• Employment Type: Permanent
• Position: Assistant QA/QC Manager
• Location: Woodlands (Transport provided)
• Working Hours: 5.5 days, Office Hours
• Salary Package: Up to $10,000 + Bonus

Job Responsibilities:

• Lead and supervise the QA/QC team across Structural, MEP, Architectural, and Landscape disciplines throughout the project lifecycle.
• Oversee and enforce maintenance and quality procedures on-site to ensure all works consistently meet required standards.
• Liaise with relevant authorities on latent and warranty defects and participate in all related meetings.
• Prepare, update, and maintain ISO documentation, and compile monthly QA/QC performance reports for the project.
• Monitor and report the progress of architectural and landscape works, ensuring full compliance with design specifications, regulatory requirements, and quality benchmarks.
• Drive continuous improvement initiatives within QA/QC processes and maintain strict adherence to the company’s quality policies.

Job Requirements:

• Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering, Construction Management, or a related field.
• Minimum 6 years of QA/QC experience in large-scale construction projects; semiconductor or industrial facility experience is an advantage.
• Strong understanding of Structural, MEP, Architectural, and Landscape trades and their quality requirements.
• Proven ability to lead, supervise, and guide a multi-disciplinary QA/QC team.

Ready to Apply? Here’s How:

• Click the APPLY button, or
• Email your resume (in MS Word or PDF format) to adelin@intuitrecruitment.com. Please include the job title in your subject line for prompt processing.

Only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

By submitting your application, you consent to the collection and use of your personal data under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA).

Adelin Chong | EA Personnel Reg No.: R1875641
Intuit Recruitment Pte Ltd | EA License No.: 25C2793

Job Description & Requirements

• Reviews tender documents including drawing and business documents to understand project details and curtain wall technical requirements
• Quantity take-off and calculate curtain wall system for each project
• Indicate the curtain wall contract work scope on the floor plan, elevation and curtain wall detail drawings
• Sourcing materials and send quotation inquiries to the vendors and subcontractors, comparison of quotes, review of prices, to ensure comply to tender requirement
• Evaluate of quotation and costing summary for approval prior tender submission
• Prepare procurement and sub-contract schedule
• Ensure submission of bonds / warranties from sub-contractors
• Prepare report of cost summary
• Other ad-hoc duties as assigned

Microbiologist (QC Analyst/ Pharma/ Contract)

12 Months Contract

Location : Gul Circle (5 mins walk from MRT)

Basic Salary : Up to $5,500 depending on experience

Industry : Pharmaceutical

Responsibilities

• Executing analytical testing in a timely manner, ensuring adherence to the committed scheduled plans
• Performing his/ her tasks in accordance with cGMP and HSE requirements, and with the associated instructions, procedures, records, related to these tasks
• Recording all expected raw data, calculations, information, related to his/her tasks, to comply with cGMP and data integrity requirements
• Ensuring that is trained and qualified to the assigned analytical testing that requires to be qualified
• Performing the QC data review of executed tests by other analysts in a timely manner, ensuring adherence to the committed scheduled plans
• Informing his/her manager of any quality or HSE event (deviations, OOx,…) in a timely manner to ensure investigation and impact assessment are performed appropriately
• Participating actively to any investigation, where is involved, to ensure investigations and impact assessment are performed appropriately
• Executing assigned CAPAs related to remediation plans, continuous improvements
• Ensuring that his/her lab/facilities, lab instruments are kept in a quality and safety status to ensure that they can be used appropriately.
• Owning assigned stability studies, in compliance with approved stability program
• Ensuring the issuance and review of all deliverables related to assigned stability studies, such as risk assessment, protocols, reports, data trending, deviations, and summary reports
• Ensuring that sampling and testing related to stability is executed in a timely manner and stability results trend performed on time, including reports issuance
• Ensuring that all expected stability data (including events, change control…) are compiled in a proper way, to provide appropriate data trending and statistical analysis of stability studies, in compliance with associated stability protocols

Additional Accountabilities

• Review analytical results and perform audit trail review before batch release.
• Carry out on-the-job training for General and Specific Analytical Method to QC analysts and chemical technicians, by incorporating cGMP and safety aspects of the procedures.
• Perform troubleshooting of equipment in the laboratory and provide guidance to QC analysts on the troubleshooting.
• Trained and work independently on specific testing method
• Ensure availability of workplace risk assessment and safe working procedures for contractors and the quality personnel. Ensure safe working in all areas of work by practicing and communicating safety message at +QDCI Sanofi Manufacturing System (SMS) Awareness, Life Saving Rules (LSR), GMP/Data Integrity Awareness
• Other responsibilities that are not included in the above are related to quality assignments.

Lim Pey Chyi (Apple) - Apple.lim@manpower.com.sg

Recruitment Consultant (R2090579)

Manpower Staffing Services (S) Pte Ltd

EA Licence: 02C3423

Microbiology Supervisor (QC/ Pharma/ GMP/ GDP)

Location: Gul Circle

Up to $5,500 depending on experience

Industry: Pharmaceutical

Responsibilities:

• Responsible for the day-to-day operations of the microbiology laboratory and compliance of QC activities with company's standards and policies, GMP, GDP and regulatory requirements.
• Lead the microbiology section within QC to implement appropriate QC systems, from evaluation and selection of lab equipment to purchase.
• Lead and drive the equipment qualification activities, ensuring required consumables/reagents are purchased timely and the equipment installation and qualification activities are done as per projects milestones
• Develop, improve, and maintain microbiological test methods. Identify opportunities, evaluate, initiate, monitor, and conclude operational excellence initiatives in the Microbiological test procedures and processes used at site.
• Perform product testing, environmental monitoring, water testing as required.
• Perform Laboratory Investigation and deviations.  Lead and oversee investigations related to all matters of testing related to microbiological topic not limited to product testing, environmental monitoring and water testing
• Participate in regulatory inspection and contract laboratory inspection as an SME during audits/inspections.
• Ensure safe working in the laboratory by practicing and communicating safety.
• Other responsibilities that are not included in the above but are related to quality control and in accordance to internal guidelines and SOP.

Leadership

• Responsible for laboratory action plans that support site KPI
• Collaboration with Quality Control Manager in capacity, investment, and cost planning.

Requirements:

• 3 years of experience in leading the microbiology laboratory in pharmaceutical or related industries. Be able to adopt hands-on troubleshooting style.
• Good stakeholder and organizational skills
• Sound knowledge in Microbiology and good knowledge for health authorities' regulations (USP, ISO, Eudralex and ICH) and cGMP.
• A degree in microbiology or any other related scientific discipline; with more than 3 years working experiences in supervisory role.

Lim Pey Chyi - Apple.lim@manpower.com.sg

Recruitment Consultant (R2090579)

Manpower Staffing Services (S) Pte Ltd

EA Licence: 02C3423

Job Responsibilities:

• Assist in formulating QA/QC policies in the Company
• Work closely with various departments to comply to company rules
• Ensure strict compliance of laws for Safety, Environment and Employment Acts
• Ensure proper document controls of ISO related documents within the Company
• Organise awareness training and prepare training plan relating to ISO certification
• Assist in arranging ISO 14000, ISO 18001 and ISO9000 audit within the Company
• And other duties as assigned by the management.

Requirement:

• Degree or Diploma in related field.
• Minimum 2 years of related experiences in construction industry.
• Experience with LTA projects is preferred.
• Good interpersonal and communication skills
• Proficient in MS Office
• Working location: Site office-601A TANAH MERAH COAST ROAD S499865 (Company Transport Provided at Certain MRT Station)

Our esteemed client in the Construction industry is seeking an Assistant QA/QC Manager to join their dynamic team.

• Employment Type: Permanent
• Position: Assistant QA/QC Manager
• Location: Woodlands (Transport provided)
• Working Hours: 5.5 days, Office Hours
• Salary Package: Up to $10,000 + Bonus

Job Responsibilities:

• Lead and supervise the QA/QC team across Structural, MEP, Architectural, and Landscape disciplines throughout the project lifecycle.
• Oversee and enforce maintenance and quality procedures on-site to ensure all works consistently meet required standards.
• Liaise with relevant authorities on latent and warranty defects and participate in all related meetings.
• Prepare, update, and maintain ISO documentation, and compile monthly QA/QC performance reports for the project.
• Monitor and report the progress of architectural and landscape works, ensuring full compliance with design specifications, regulatory requirements, and quality benchmarks.
• Drive continuous improvement initiatives within QA/QC processes and maintain strict adherence to the company’s quality policies.

Job Requirements:

• Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering, Construction Management, or a related field.
• Minimum 6 years of QA/QC experience in large-scale construction projects; semiconductor or industrial facility experience is an advantage.
• Strong understanding of Structural, MEP, Architectural, and Landscape trades and their quality requirements.
• Proven ability to lead, supervise, and guide a multi-disciplinary QA/QC team.

Ready to Apply? Here’s How:

• Click the APPLY button, or
• Email your resume (in MS Word or PDF format) to adelin@intuitrecruitment.com. Please include the job title in your subject line for prompt processing.

Only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

By submitting your application, you consent to the collection and use of your personal data under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA).

Adelin Chong | EA Personnel Reg No.: R1875641
Intuit Recruitment Pte Ltd | EA License No.: 25C2793

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Building and Construction
• Position Title: QA/QC Manager (Construction / Facade Projects)
• Working Location: Redhill
• Working Hours: 5 Days (Mon - Fri, 8:30AM – 6PM)
• Salary Package: Basic Salary + AWS + Variable Bonus
• Duration: Permanent

Key Responsibilities

• Implement and oversee the overall Project Quality Management System (QMS).
• Prepare and maintain quality-related reports, making recommendations for continuous improvement.
• Lead and manage a team of QA/QC engineers.
• Develop and compile Inspection & Test Plans (ITP), Project Quality Plans (PQP), and Operation & Maintenance Manuals (OMM).
• Ensure full compliance with the Project Quality Plan/Manual throughout project execution.
• Liaise with clients and subcontractors’ quality representatives.
• Participate in client audits and ensure company systems are properly implemented.
• Investigate, document, and resolve quality-related complaints from clients.
• Recommend improvements on quality matters to the project team.
• Support QA/QC teams in inspections and testing when required.
• Coordinate with independent inspection/testing agencies for factory and site inspections.
• Maintain, improve, and implement quality systems and project quality plans.
• Investigate quality deficiencies, recommend corrective and preventive actions, and verify implementation.
• Identify and document quality issues, propose solutions, and ensure resolution.
• Ensure non-conforming materials, components, and equipment are identified and segregated promptly.
• Liaise with RE/RTO and relevant parties for inspection and handover of installed steel and façade elements.
• Perform inspections and checks on all quality-related procedures.
• Work closely with project managers and supervisors to ensure quality compliance.
• Ensure timely closure of non-conformance reports (NCR) and site instructions.
• Carry out any other duties as directed by the Managing Director.

APPLY NOW!!!

• Recognized Degree in a related field.
• Proven experience working with contractors.
• Relevant experience in civil/building projects, preferably with façade installation works.
• Strong leadership skills with the ability to manage a QA/QC team.
• Excellent communication and coordination skills for liaising with multiple stakeholders.
• A good team player, adaptable, and able to work in a dynamic environment.

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #79537 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Angel Lim | EA Reg No.: R1769781

Location: Ubi
Salary: Up to $3000

Job Scope:

• Perform laboratory testing and analysis with high accuracy
• Prepare and maintain laboratory records in compliance with GDP and GMP requirements
• Generate test reports and support investigations when required
• Assist in method development, validation, and SOP updates
• Support audits, laboratory maintenance, and continuous improvement initiatives
• Ensure compliance with quality, safety, and regulatory standards

Job Requirements:

• Min. Diploma/ Degree in Science
• Some experience in QC microbiology is preferred
• Familiar with ISO 17025, cGMP, and regulatory requirements

If interested, please send updated resume via email  melissa@recruitexpress.com.sg 

Melissa Zhang Zhiqi (Mezzo)

(CEI.No: R2197564 | Recruit Express Pte Ltd (Healthcare & Life Science) | 99C4599)

melissa@recruitexpress.com.sg

Job Description:

• Responsible for New Product Introduction (NPI) reviewing of drawings and specifications provided by Customer
• Raise Supplier Problem Sheet (SPS) for any issue observe at the review for customer clarification and disposition for NPI parts
• Generate internal drawing for those part with incomplete details
• Generate 3D drawing for drawings with not clear and hidden dimensional information
• Create drawing for those parts need fixture for production
• Create Bill of Materials (BOM) and Routing for job travelers
• Responsible in decision making on which site location the part will be manufactured.
•  In-charge on which Vendor the part will be sub-out for some special processes as call out on drawing
• Provide Part Technical Information Sheet (PTIS) for Vendor on those parts for sub out process.
• Analyze and discuss with Finance on the part costing for new products
• Responsible for giving go signal to Planning for releasing the job order
• Update NPI parts tracking and  Process Development Sheet
• Review Engineering Change Order(ECO) and Engineering Specs Waiver (ESW) for any change on current / existing part and for implementation of changes
• Submit Supplier Problem Sheet(SPS) for issues encounter at production for existing parts related to drawing and specifications.
• Constant monitoring of SPS issue to close it with customer
• Download DMM BOM from Agile and compare with SAP material master before uploading to SAP
• Assist in all DMM BOM related issue
• Assist Technical advice related to IMT welding and fixture generation
• Provide assistance to Purchasing for any material or OEM buying parts related
• Provide technical knowledge to UMS Penang Engineering and Production related issues
• Assist Quality team on the analysis on quality issue related to First Article Inspection (FAI) submission, generation of Failure Mode Effects and Analysis (FMEA), customer 8D, Failure Analysis of Discrepant Material Report (DMR), Part Qualification Process (PQP).
• Prepare ISO 9001 and SSQA documentation for Engineering
• Closely working with Customer Service (CS) for Request for Quote (RFQ) for new project and secondary process and customer rework parts.
• Work with Customer for any design improvements

Additional Information

• Experience using CAD software such as SolidWorks, AutoCAD, or Autodesk Inventor
• ERP knowledge’s Vantage and Epicor, ex...
• Familiar with ISO norms and standards and with conventional drafting stations.
• Familiar with ASTM spec, ASME Y14.5M-1994 & ASME Y14.38-1999 and GD&T specification.
• Knowledgeable in DOS, MS Office software such as Word processing, Excel spreadsheets, PowerPoint presentation and other software related to drawings and management system.
• Familiar with all the special process ex. Anodize, EN-plating…
• Familiar with material types and purpose. 
• Familiar with welding AWS (clean room and non-clean room).
• Familiar with tubing, fittings and other OEM parts.
• Knowledge of semiconductor and equipment assembly process.
• Familiar with technical issues solving on the assemble parts.
• Familiar the semiconductors components process.
• Familiar the process improvement.
• Familiar the helium leak, hydrostatic leak test and load test.
• Familiar the OEM components specs.
• Writing skills for preparing manuals, parts lists, proposals and design documentation
• Time-management skills for meeting deadlines

Responsibilities

• Ensure all site activities are carried out in full compliance with client requirements, approved drawings, relevant building codes, and statutory regulations.

• Review construction drawings, specifications, and contract documents to ensure alignment with project requirements and regulatory standards.

• Provide overall supervision of contractors, ensuring strict adherence to approved method statements, safe work procedures, and quality standards.

• Verify that all works are executed in accordance with the Consultant’s instructions and approved submissions.

• Identify, report, and document any discrepancies, non-conformities, or potential risks, and recommend practical and timely solutions to mitigate delays.

• Conduct regular site inspections to monitor workmanship quality, identify defects, and ensure prompt implementation of corrective actions.

• Inspect materials delivered to site to confirm compliance with approved material submissions, specifications, and samples.

• Witness and oversee testing of materials (e.g., concrete, reinforcement steel, and finishes) to ensure compliance with project quality requirements.

• Monitor inspection, testing, and commissioning activities to ensure alignment with design intent and contract specifications.

• Maintain comprehensive and accurate site records, including daily reports, inspection checklists, and non-conformance reports.

• Ensure proper documentation and updating of as-built drawings, incorporating all approved changes.

• Prepare periodic progress reports detailing work status, delays, quality issues, and safety matters for submission to the Project QP/Consultant.

• Evaluate and verify contractors’ progress claims, including completed works and materials on-site, prior to recommending certification.

• Monitor project schedules, identify potential delays, and propose mitigation measures to ensure timely project completion.

• Act as the key liaison between contractors, consultants, and clients to facilitate effective communication and coordination.

• Promptly report all quality concerns, safety issues, and progress challenges to the Project QP or Consultant team.

Requirements

• Degree in Civil or Structural Engineering from a recognized university, with accreditation as a Registered Resident Engineer with the Institution of Engineers Singapore (IES).

• Minimum 5 years of relevant experience as a Resident Engineer, with proven exposure to private high-rise developments, industrial facilities (e.g., factories), HDB projects, and infrastructure works under CAG and LTA.

• Thorough knowledge of the Building Control Act, relevant regulations, and standard forms of contract.

• Demonstrated capability in contract administration, including maintaining proper site documentation and compliance with statutory reporting requirements.

• Strong leadership, coordination, and problem-solving skills, with the ability to manage multiple stakeholders effectively.

• Excellent interpersonal and communication skills, with a collaborative approach to working with clients, consultants, and contractors.

• Reports to the Construction Manager
• Manage and oversee construction activities near existing SPPG tunnel/GTP/PUB
• Coordination between client, consultant and sub-contractor(vendors)
• Ensure compliance with safety procedure and regulations
• Good interpersonal skills
• Carry-out regular inspections and regular checks of concerned construction activities
• Able to handle technical and engineering issue
• Ensure the activities comply with the quality, environment, health & safety requirements
• Ensure proper documentation and record-keeping of construction activities

Job Requirements

• Degree in Civil Engineering recognized by Singapore PE Board
• Registered Resident Engineer with IES/BCA with valid certification in Singapore
• Minimum of 5 years of Engineering experience with Degree in Civil Engineering recognized by the PE Board
• At least 3 years of experience in the construction and supervision for vehicular structures and road projects Progress oriented, team player
• Technical expertise and knowledge in Civil Engineering Construction especially in Piling/ RC Works Proficient in Microsoft Office and Auto CAD
• CSCPM/BCSS/Confined space/Work At Height
• Self-motivated and Good Leadership

Shape the Infrastructure Beneath Our Cities

Some engineers design buildings.

Others design the critical infrastructure that enables cities to thrive.

We are seeking exceptional Graduate Engineers who are eager to tackle some of the most challenging engineering problems in urban development, underground construction, transportation infrastructure, and geotechnical engineering.

From deep excavations and underground structures to major transportation and infrastructure projects, you will be part of a team delivering innovative engineering solutions that leave a lasting impact on the built environment.

If you are passionate about engineering excellence, analytical problem-solving, and learning from industry leaders, we invite you to begin your career with us.

Expand Your Horizons

Engineering is more than calculations and drawings—it is about solving challenges that shape communities, improve connectivity, and build the foundations of tomorrow's cities.

As a Graduate Engineer, you will embark on a rewarding career journey with opportunities to develop your technical expertise, contribute to meaningful projects, and learn from experienced professionals.

Areas of Exposure

You will have the opportunity to work on a diverse range of challenging projects, including:

• Deep excavations and earth-retaining systems
• Under ground structures and basement developments
• Transportation and infrastructure projects
• Geotechnical engineering and soil-structure interaction analyses
• Finite element modelling and advanced numerical analyses
• Site monitoring, instrumentation, and construction support
• Working alongside experienced engineers and technical specialists, you will be involved throughout the project lifecycle—from concept development and detailed design to construction support and project completion—gaining invaluable experience that will accelerate your professional growth.

Key Responsibilities

As a Graduate Engineer, you will:

• Perform engineering analysis and design calculations.
• Develop engineering models using industry-standard software.
• Prepare technical reports, design submissions, and engineering drawings.
• Review construction methodologies and temporary works proposals.
• Participate in site inspections and construction support activities
• Assist in the interpretation of instrumentation and monitoring data.
• Collaborate with clients, contractors, architects, and multidisciplinary project teams.
• Contribute to innovative engineering solutions for complex urban infrastructure projects.

Who We Are Looking For

• Bachelor's or Master's Degree in Civil or Structural Engineering.
• Strong academic performance.
• Excellent analytical and problem-solving abilities.
• Strong written and verbal communication skills.
• Passion for structural, geotechnical, and infrastructure engineering.
• Curiosity, initiative, and a commitment to continuous learning.

Advantageous Skills

Experience or familiarity with:

• SAP2000
• MIDAS
• PLAXIS2D / 3D
• STAAD.Pro
• AutoCAD
• BIM workflows

What We Offer

• Professional Development
• Structured mentorship from experienced engineers and industry experts.
• Exposure to landmark infrastructure and underground engineering projects.
• Opportunities for continuous learning and career advancement.
• Support towards Professional Engineer (PE) registration.

Employee Benefits

• Flexible working arrangements
• Birthday leave
• Site allowance
• Dental and medical reimbursement
• Mobile phone allowance

Terms and conditions apply.

Build More Than Structures. Build Your Future.

Every tunnel, underground structure, retaining system, and transportation network begins with engineers who are willing to solve complex challenges and push the boundaries of innovation.

Join us and play a part in shaping the infrastructure that supports tomorrow's cities.

We are seeking a dedicated and responsible Site Technical Engineer tosupport project execution and site operations. The successful candidate will beresponsible for coordinating technical aspects of construction works, ensuringcompliance with project specifications, quality standards, safety requirements,and project schedules.

Job Responsibility

1.      Review construction drawings, structuraldetails, specifications, and technical documents.
2.      Document control, classify and organize thedrawings, handle drawing list and tidy up received drawings
3.      Provide technical support and guidance to sitesupervisors and subcontractors.
4.      Coordinate with clients, consultants,architects, engineers, and subcontractors on technical and site-relatedmatters.
5.      Prepare and submit shop drawings, methodstatements, material submissions, RFIs, and technical reports.
6.      Monitor site progress and ensure works arecarried out according to approved drawings, project specifications, andregulatory requirements.
7.      Assist in planning, scheduling, andcoordinating construction activities.
8.      Verify site measurements, work completed, andquantities for progress claims and project records.
9.      Attend site meetings and maintain properdocumentation of project activities.
10.   Coordinate and monitor subcontractors to ensure quality workmanshipand timely completion of works.
11.   Liaise with relevant authorities and consultants when required.
Perform other duties assigned by the Project Manager or Management