Total 70 information technology job vacancies in Education / Training category in The Philippines

Interested applicants are invited to apply directly at the NUS Career Portal. Please note your application will only be processed if you apply via NUS Career Portal.

NUS Career Portal link: https://careers.nus.edu.sg/job/Research-AssistantAssociate-%28Food-Science-&-Technology%29/33173-en_GB/

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Job Description

The successful candidate will work with Professor Zhou Weibiao on nutritional profile analysis and in vitro digestion of food materials under a project on alternative proteins, funded by the Singapore Food Story R&D Programme 2.0.

The main responsibilities of the position include:
The candidate shall join a multidisciplinary team at NUS to support the development of plant-based meat products with improved digestibility, nutritional quality, and functionality. This position will focus on establishing an advanced in vitro digestion approach to evaluate protein digestibility and conduct comprehensive nutritional profile analysis of alternative protein products.

In addition, he/she will help supervise final year undergraduate projects.

Qualifications

• Qualifications / Discipline:
B.Sc. (for Research Assistant appointment) or M.Sc. (for Research Associate appointment) in Food Science, Food Technology, or a closely related field from an internationally reputable university

• Skills:
Strong wet laboratory and analytical skills
Demonstrated capability of independent researcher
Good team player
Good scientific writing skills

• Experience:  

Research experience with good track record, including:
(1) hands-on experience in food analysis,
(2) lab safety and maintenance, 
(3) report preparation,
(4) working experience in a cross-disciplinary team.

Working experience with antinutrients analysis and/or in vitro digestion is highly desirable.

This position is only open to Singaporeans and Singapore Permanent Residents. 

Location: Pioneer

Duration: 10 months contract

Salary: Up to $5000

Job Responsibilities:
● Drive the development of course-related materials, learning resources and project documentation in collaboration with project co-leads and team members.

● Review, organise and update course-related materials to ensure quality, consistency and readiness for implementation.

● Develop, format and quality-assure learning and assessment materials to ensure clarity, consistency and alignment.

● Develop and refine digital learning materials and simple multimedia resources where required.

● Coordinate meetings, document key discussions, track follow-up actions, and maintain project records and version control.

● Carry out data collation, basic analysis and administrative tracking to support project planning and reporting.

● Work within Blackboard UCV from a staff-user perspective to upload, organise, check and maintain course content and related resources.

● Undertake other general administrative tasks as and when required.

Job Requirements:
● Minimum degree or post-graduate diploma in Education, Instructional Design, Learning Sciences, Learning Design, Communications, or a related field.

● Relevant experience in learning design, course support, project coordination, educational technology support, or a related area will be preferred.

● Familiarity with learning design principles such as constructive alignment, writing learning outcomes, and assessment design.

● Comfortable working in Blackboard UCV as a staff user, including managing and organising course content and resources.

● Real-world experience using Articulate 360, Genially and/or Vyond will be an advantage.

Ally (Kubota Ayako)
CEI Reg. No. R26161457
EA Lic: 99C4599
Recruit Express Pte Ltd

About the Job

We are in search of a highly motivated and accomplished Research Assistant to join our team and significantly contribute to our ongoing research project "Understanding and Generating Interleaved Image-Text Persuasion". The successful candidate will collaborate closely with our research team, working on the development of multimodal AI. This role offers an exciting opportunity to engage in cutting-edge research in multimodal learning and have a substantial influence on the field.

What You’ll Do

• Conduct literature reviews on multimodal persuasion, visual communication, and the evaluation of large vision-language models.
• Support the design and development of datasets and evaluation frameworks for understanding interactions between images and text.
• Assist in evaluating and enhancing multimodal models for analysing and generating interleaved image-text content
• Summarize experimental results and contribute to the preparation of research reports, presentations, and academic publications.

Who We’re Looking For

• Bachelor degree with background in computer science, data science, artificial intelligence, or a related field.
• Strong interest in multimodal AI, vision-language models.
• Basic experience with Python and machine learning frameworks such as PyTorch is preferred.
• Familiarity with natural language processing, computer vision, or large language models is an advantage.
• Good analytical, communication, and organizational skills.
• Ability to work independently while collaborating effectively with a research team.

This is a call for hiring researchers to conduct high quality research in the area of quantum thermodynamics, in particular questions of bridging different theoretical frameworks, finding applications in many-body physics, or generalizations of the resource-theoretic approach to account for practical aspects of quantum thermodynamics.

Responsibilities:

The candidate is expected to, but not limited to, engage in the following research directions:

• Utilize techniques and tools in quantum information theory in the study of quantum thermodynamics

• Conduct research in understanding the fundamental limits of controlling out-of-equilibrium quantum systems

Requirement:

• PhD in the area of quantum information and quantum thermodynamics.

• Consistent research track record in terms of publication for the following areas of study:

  Studying the extension of resource-theoretic quantum thermodynamics to account for practical considerations

  Exploring the applications of theoretical quantum thermodynamics to study many-body systems

  Establishing the precise role of catalysis in quantum thermodynamics

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

This is a call for hiring researchers to conduct high quality research in the area of quantum resource theories, in particular areas of interest such as (but not limited to) catalytic resource theories, bridging different existing theoretical thermodynamics frameworks, or studying the effects of finite-size effects on thermodynamic processes. This is in line with the mission of the university to work on cutting-edge research topics that are of both fundamental and practical importance.

Responsibilities:

The candidate is expected to, but not limited to, engage in the following research directions:

• Utilize techniques and tools in quantum information theory in the study of quantum thermodynamics

• Conduct high quality research in understanding the fundamental limits of controlling out-of-equilibrium quantum systems

Requirements:

• PhD in the area of quantum information and quantum thermodynamics.

• Consistent research track record in terms of publication for the following areas of study:

  Studying the role of robust quantum catalytic processes

  Studying the hybridization of quantum resource theories

  Exploring the applications of theoretical quantum thermodynamics in many-body systems

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Established in 1992, the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information (WKWSCI) is the only full-fledged communication school in Singapore and is a world-class centre of excellence with an international faculty, state-of-the-art research laboratories, and global institutional affiliations.

We are looking for a Research Assistant (1-year contract) to support a research project examining disinformation and propaganda operations across Southeast Asia and their impact on Singaporeans. The project will focus on the digital space, including social media and messaging apps.

Key Responsibilities:

• Collect, scrape, and clean large datasets from online platforms and media sources.

• Conduct computational analysis of disinformation and propaganda networks.

• Develop and apply data visualization techniques to present findings clearly.

• Collaborate on research design and methodology discussions.

• Co-author academic papers, conference submissions, and project reports.

• Support literature reviews and integrate computational insights into theoretical frameworks.

• Assist in preparing presentations and communicating findings to stakeholders.

• Assist in logistics, such as equipment purchasing and hiring student assistants

Job Requirements:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in computer science, data science, information studies, or related fields.

• Strong programming skills (e.g., Python, R) for data scraping, cleaning, and analysis.

• Experience with data visualization tools and libraries (e.g., Tableau, matplotlib, ggplot).

• Familiarity with social media APIs and web scraping frameworks.

• Ability to run statistical and computational analyses (e.g., regression, network analysis, machine learning).

• Academic writing skills and willingness to co-author publications.

• Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work independently and collaboratively.

• Prior experience in computational social science or related projects is preferred; Entry level candidates with relevant skills are welcome to apply.

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Established in 1992, the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information (WKWSCI) is the only full-fledged communication school in Singapore and is a world-class centre of excellence with an international faculty, state-of-the-art research laboratories, and global institutional affiliations.

We are looking for a Research Engineer I / Research Engineer II (1-year contract) to support a research project examining disinformation and propaganda operations across Southeast Asia and their impact on Singaporeans. The project will focus on the digital space, including social media and messaging apps.

Key Responsibilities:

• Collect, scrape, and clean large datasets from online platforms and media sources.

• Conduct computational analysis of disinformation and propaganda networks.

• Develop and apply data visualization techniques to present findings clearly.

• Collaborate on research design and methodology discussions.

• Co-author academic papers, conference submissions, and project reports.

• Support literature reviews and integrate computational insights into theoretical frameworks.

• Assist in preparing presentations and communicating findings to stakeholders.

• Assist in logistics, such as equipment purchasing and hiring student assistants

Job Requirements:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in computer science, data science, information studies, or related fields.

• Strong programming skills (e.g., Python, R) for data scraping, cleaning, and analysis.

• Experience with data visualization tools and libraries (e.g., Tableau, matplotlib, ggplot).

• Familiarity with social media APIs and web scraping frameworks.

• Ability to run statistical and computational analyses (e.g., regression, network analysis, machine learning).

• Academic writing skills and willingness to co-author publications.

• Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work independently and collaboratively.

• Prior experience in computational social science or related projects is preferred; Entry level candidates with relevant skills are welcome to apply.

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Join Us at NorthLight School

At NorthLight School, we are dedicated to preparing youth for life and living—empowering every student to SHINE, regardless of their starting point. We invite passionate, mission-driven professionals to join us in making a meaningful impact on the lives of our students, both in and beyond the classroom. If you are committed to transforming lives through education, we welcome you to be part of our NLS team.

Role Summary

We are seeing a passionate and resilient Teacher, ICT dedicated to inspiring and guiding students in their educational journey. This role integrates teaching excellence, practical technology know-how, and mentorship to empower learners with essential digital competencies. Beyond classroom instruction, you will also mentor students in co-curricular activities (CCA),supporting their holistic growth and character development.

Duties and Responsibilities

• Collaborate with fellow educators and the IT support team to deliver ICT lessons effectively across academic and non-academic areas
• Identify and design appropriate support structures, strategies, and learning resources to enhance student engagement.
• Deliver technical support within the Computer Labs and provide tailored instruction to individuals and small groups according to their learning needs.
• Develop instructional materials and lesson packages that cater to varied teaching formats.
• Monitor, evaluate, and refine teaching methods and support systems to continuously improve student learning outcomes.
• Contribute actively to ICT department initiatives, projects, andassessment activities.
• Mentor and guide students in CCAs, fostering teamwork, leadership, and resilience.

Personal Competencies, Experience, and Qualifications

• Minimum qualification: Diploma in Information Technology or an equivalent field.
• A recognised teaching qualification from institutions such as the National Institute of Education (NIE), International Baccalaureate, Cambridge International Education, or Institute of Technical Education (ITE) is required.
• Proficiency in MS Office applications, fundamental computing skills, video/audio editingtools, and basic programming.
• Prior teaching experience, ideally within a specialised or technical education setting.
• Demonstrated resilience and a strong passion for working with youth.
• Effective team player with excellent interpersonal and communication abilities.

Preferred Attributes

• Teaching experience in a specialised or technical education setting.
• Recognised teaching qualification from institutions such as the National Institute of Education (NIE), International Baccalaureate, Cambridge International Education, or Institute of Technical Education (ITE).

What We Offer

• A meaningful opportunity to impact and transform students’ lives.
• A supportive and collaborative work environment.
• Professional development and training opportunities.
• The chance to contribute to both academic and co-curricular growth of students.
• 5-day work week.
• Enjoy school holiday leave and a comprehensive suite of employee benefits.

If you're excited to guide young learners through their ICT journeys andspark their interest in real-world applications—then we’d love to hear from you!

Interested applicants are invited to apply directly at the NUS Career Portal. Please note your application will only be processed if you apply via NUS Career Portal.

NUS Career Portal link: https://careers.nus.edu.sg/job/Senior-Research-Scientist-Remote-Sensing-Technology-&-Applications/32601-en_GB/

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Job Description

The successful candidate will be responsible for leading research programmes in remote sensing technology and applications. He/she is expected to continuously enhance the scientific knowledge of the Centre and participate actively in remote sensing technology development and application projects. 

Experience in one or more of the following research areas will be advantageous:
* Atmospheric remote sensing : Atmospheric radiation, aerosols and clouds, particles/gases transport/dispersion modeling. 
* Aquatic remote sensing: Ocean optics, water quality, bathymetry and sea bottom characterization.
* Terrestrial remote sensing: Regional land cover/vegetation/biomass mapping, biomass burning, land use/Land cover change.
* Sensing technology and applications: Synthetic aperture radar, hyperspectral imaging, high resolution 3D modelling and precision mapping.
* Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques for remote sensing applications.

Qualifications

• A Doctoral Degree in Science, Engineering, or in other relevant disciplines with at least 8 years of research experience in remote sensing or related fields.
• Ability to lead a team of researchers as a Principal Investigator in various research projects.

Other qualities we are looking for:
* In-depth knowledge of advanced digital data/image processing techniques and applications 
* Solid experience and skill in scientific and engineering computing 
* Ability to develop and implement data/image processing and/or machine learning algorithms 

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Founded in 1978 as Singapore's first family service centre, Allkin Singapore is a community-centric social service agency that believes everyone has the potential to create positive change, regardless of age, race, or background.

Through our service offerings, strategic partnerships, and community initiatives, we unlock opportunities for vulnerable individuals and families to overcome life's challenges, build a brighter future, and inspire others to do the same.

RESPONSIBILITIES

Position Overview

The Learning Technology Executive supports Allkin's digital learning and professional development initiatives. This role focuses on designing engaging learning content, supporting learning platforms, and coordinating with trainers and subjectmatter experts.

You will play a handson role at the intersection of education, design, and technology—turning complex training content into clear, engaging learning experiences across digital, blended, and classroom formats.

Key Responsibilities

• Design and develop engaging learning experiences for professional and social service training programmes
• Convert traditional training materials into structured and interactive digital formats (e-learning, videos, activities, assessments)
• Apply adult learning and instructional design principles (e.g. microlearning, experiential learning)
• Develop and manage digital learning content using authoring tools and multimedia assets (graphics, audio, video)
• Coordinate with trainers, subjectmatter experts, and speakers on content development and course setup
• Manage development timelines, revisions, and deliverables across projects
• Support learning platform operations, including email enquiries, EDM execution, reporting, and trainers' fee processing
• Provide support for ad-hoc learning events, collaborations, and programmes

• Degree in Adult Training, Instructional Design, Education, Communications, Technology, or a related field
• Experience or strong interest in e-learning, instructional design, or digital content development
• Understanding of instructional and learning design principles
• Comfortable working with digital tools (e.g. PowerPoint, Canva, LMS platforms, basic video or authoring tools)
• Knowledge of e-learning standards (e.g. SCORM, xAPI) is an advantage
• Strong communication and stakeholder management skills
• Able to translate complex information into clear and engaging learning flows
• Detail-oriented, organised, and able to manage multiple tasks
• Curious, proactive, and open to experimentation
• Experience with LMS platforms, video production/editing, UX/UI, or project management (Nice to have)

Fresh graduates with strong portfolios, internships, or project experience are welcome to apply.

Liberte HR Services Pte Ltd is the designated recruitment partner for Allkin Singapore. As part of the hiring process, you may receive communication from them regarding this opportunity.

Interested applicants are invited to apply directly at the NUS Career Portal. Please note your application will only be processed if you apply via NUS Career Portal.

NUS Career Portal link: https://careers.nus.edu.sg/job/Research-Engineer-%28Development-of-Silicon-Photonics-Technology%29/32496-en_GB/

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

Job Description

The Singapore Hybrid Integrated Next-Generation µ-Electronics (SHINE) research centre in National University of Singapore (NUS) is looking for applicants for a Research Engineer position in the area of Silicon photonic technologies.
The candidate will work closely with Researchers and Professor to
support the design, development, and evaluation of next-generation photonic systems. This includes translating simulated results into physical test vehicles and deriving insights through experimental work and data analysis.

Responsibilities will include:

1.    Conduct laboratory work involving simulation, fabrication, and characterization of photonic chips and devices.
2.    Basic data processing including analysis, correlation, troubleshooting, and presentation of experimental and simulation results.
3.    Conduct literature reviews to maintain awareness of recent advances in related photonic and interconnect technologies.
4.    Maintain accurate and detailed records of research activities, methodologies, and results.
5.    Collaborate with other engineers, scientists, and researchers to achieve project goals.
6.    Assist in equipment purchase, commissioning, and ownership.

Qualifications

•    A degree or higher degree in Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Physics, or related Science disciplines from a reputable University/Institute, or equivalent relevant experience. 
•    Passion in microelectronics or optoelectronics.
•    Candidate with experience in with Lumerical and/or Zemax simulation software is preferred.
•    Knowledge on programming skills (e.g. Python, MATLAB
•    Good communication skills, including scientific writing and presentation
•    Ability to work independently and collaborate within a diverse team.
•    Open to Fixed Term Contract.

Job Description

• We are currently seeking talented individuals with:
• A PhD in many-body quantum physics or similar
• Able to do literature review and summarize the main findings from the literature
• Competence in numerical many-body quantum physics
• Competence in disseminating the outcomes of the research including in peer-reviewed academic publications of international standing
• Ability to support the research team  
• Perform other tasks as required by the Principal Investigator

Job Requirements

• To apply for this position, applicants should be:
• Proficiency or understanding many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium
• Expertise in simulating many-body quantum systems
• Proficient communication and writing skills in English
• Possess excellent problem solving abilities as well as strong attention to detail.
• Someone who can work independently while still collaborating effectively within a team environment when needed.

Job Description:

We are seeking a highly motivated and talented Research Fellow to join our interdisciplinary research team. The successful candidate will conduct cutting-edge theoretical and computational research in the following areas:

Research Areas:

1. Electromagnetism and Plasmonics: Theory and computational modeling of electromagnetism in complex media, plasmonic systems, and metamaterials, with a particular focus on cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) and interactions between light and matter at the nanoscale.
2. Inverse Design in Nanophotonics and Quantum Nanophotonics: Application of inverse design techniques to optimize and design novel photonic structures and devices, including metasurfaces, photonic crystals, and quantum nanophotonic systems.
3. Plasma and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Modeling: Development and application of advanced plasma modeling tools, such as particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), to study their interaction with plasmonic or excitonic systems.
4. Novel Optoelectronic Effects: Investigation of new optoelectronic phenomena in low-dimensional materials (e.g., 2D materials, nanowires, and quantum dots) and time crystals, focusing on their potential applications in next-generation devices.
5. Non-Hermitian and Topological Photonics: Study of non-Hermitian systems and topological photonics, including the exploration of novel phenomena such as exceptional points, edge states, and robust modes in photonic systems.

Key Responsibilities:

• Develop and implement theoretical models to describe complex physical systems in the research areas mentioned above.
• Conduct large-scale numerical simulations to study the behavior of plasmonic, nanophotonic, and optoelectronic systems.
• Analyze and interpret simulation results, developing insights into novel physical phenomena.
• Collaborate closely with experimental researchers, providing theoretical guidance and feedback on ongoing experimental work.
• Publish research findings in high-impact, peer-reviewed journals.
• Present research results at internal seminars, conferences, and workshops.
• Contribute to the development of computational tools and code libraries for the group's research.

Qualifications and Skills:

Required:

• A Ph.D. in Physics, Applied Physics, Engineering, Applied Mathematics, or a closely related field. Strong background in electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, solid-state physics, and material sciences.
• Solid experience in computational physics, with proficiency in numerical simulation techniques such as finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD), finite-element method (FEM), particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD).
• Ability to develop and modify simulation codes to model complex, multi-physics systems.
• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to derive and solve equations analytically or numerically.
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills, with a demonstrated ability to write high-quality research papers and present complex ideas clearly.

Preferred:

• A strong publication record in top-tier journals in related fields.
• Experience with advanced simulation software (e.g., COMSOL, Lumerical, CST, or similar platforms).
• Familiarity with machine learning or artificial intelligence techniques for inverse design and optimization in nanophotonics is a plus.
• Ability to work independently and as part of an interdisciplinary team.
• Demonstrated creativity and innovation in solving complex theoretical and computational problems.
• Experience in collaborative research with experimentalists or other research groups is highly desirable.

The Future Communications Translation Lab (FCTLab) at the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) is seeking a motivated candidate who is keen on both rigorous research and the practical application of 5G and future communication technologies. As part of the research team, you will collaborate with faculty and industry partners to drive innovation in 5G systems and their real-world use cases. Equipped with private 5G testbeds and advanced test and measurement instruments, FCTLab provides an ideal environment to develop, validate, and refine next-generation communication technologies while accelerating their translation into impactful and industry-ready solutions. As a 5G Systems Research Engineer/Fellow, you will design, operate, and optimize the lab’s 5G infrastructure and support experimental studies that advance new 5G features and use cases.

Key Responsibilities

• Operate and maintain FCTLab’s 5G infrastructure, including O-RAN testbed, traditional RAN testbed, and open-source 5G testbeds.
• Design and execute experiments to evaluate 5G systems and use-case performance through simulations, emulations, physical testbeds, and commercial networks. Collect and analyze KPIs such as throughput, latency, and reliability, and fine-tune network parameters to meet diverse QoS requirements.
• Prototype and validate advanced 5G features such as network slicing, MEC and xApp/rApp. Contribute to the development of innovative solutions and algorithms to enhance 5G network capabilities.
• Work closely with the Principal Investigator (PI), Co-PI, faculty and research team to plan, track, and deliver project milestones. Collaborate with industry partners to support real-world trials and joint research initiatives.
• Prepare technical reports and publications. Provide training and guidance to students and other researchers on 5G testbed operation, integration and performance testing.

Job Requirements

• Bachelor’s, master's or Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science or related field.
• Solid understanding of wireless communications and networking, including 5G systems, open RAN, and network slicing.
• Hands-on experience in deploying, configuring, testing and optimizing 5G systems is preferred.
• Experience in developing xApps and rApps is an advantage.
• Proficiency in Linux system administration, virtualization (Docker/Kubernetes), and scripting (Python, Bash).
• Strong programming skills in Python or C++.
• Excellent analytical, technical, and problem-solving skills.
• Strong communication skills and technical writing for reports and publications.
• Self-motivated, team-oriented, and able to work independently with minimal supervision.

Key Competencies

• Able to build and maintain strong working relationships with people within and external to the university.
• Self-directed learner who believes in continuous learning and development
• Proficient in technical writing and presentation
• Possess strong analytical and critical thinking skills
• Show strong initiative and take ownership of work

The Alibaba-NTU Global e-Sustainability CorpLab (ANGEL) represents a key collaboration between Alibaba Group and Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Supported by the Singapore RIE2025 Fund, ANGEL creates and deploys impactful green digital technologies for global sustainability.

ANGEL’s mission aligns seamlessly with Singapore’s national objectives, such as the Singapore Green Plan 2030 and the Singapore Smart Nation Initiative. ANGEL’s work in developing sustainable and equitable digital solutions and promoting a sustainable and green lifestyle will contribute to a smaller carbon footprint. Its holistic approach will help to secure a brighter, more sustainable future for humanity. 

ANGEL will also cultivate human talents equipped with both advanced technical skills and a solid understanding of sustainable practices. They will enable Singapore to realise its environmental and technological ambitions.

ANGEL is looking for a Research Engineer to support research work under the project “Green AI”.

Job Description:

• Work closely with the Principal Investigator (PI) and interdisciplinary team members to support applied research and development projects at the intersection of data, AI, and sustainability.

• Contribute to the development of practical frameworks, methodologies, or tools that translate research insights into deployable or industry-relevant solutions.

• Prepare technical reports, documentation, and presentations to communicate findings to both academic and industry stakeholders.

• Support collaboration with industry partners by aligning research objectives with practical constraints and business needs.

Job Requirements:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in a quantitative or applied discipline (e.g., engineering, data science, information systems, operations research, statistics, applied mathematics, or related fields).

• Demonstrated experience working with industry partners or in industry–academia collaborative projects, including translating practical requirements into research or technical deliverables.

• Strong problem-solving skills, good communication abilities, and the capacity to work effectively in cross-functional and interdisciplinary teams.

• Prior experience contributing to technical reports, patents, white papers, or research publications is a plus, but not required.

We regret to inform that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.