Total 857 it analyst job vacancies in Others category in Hong Kong

The Senior Data Analyst will support the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Sanctions business by creating insightful visualizations to aid in the detection and prevention of financial crimes. The role requires a strong understanding of data analysis, data visualization tools and AML/sanctions regulations. The Senior Data Analyst will be responsible for interpreting complex data sets, developing insightful reports and collaborating with compliance, legal and risk teams to promote a culture of compliance and risk management across the organization.

We are seeking a highly skilled and experienced Senior Data Analyst to join Compliance Technology Operations (CTO) team which is part of the Global Ethics and Compliance organization.

This is a hybrid position. Expectation of days in office will be confirmed by your hiring manager.

About Gain City

At Gain City, we deliver expertise and quality solutions in air-conditioning, home appliances and consumer electronics. Established in 1981, Gain City is a trusted household name in Singapore. We take pride in our strong customer focus, innovative spirit, and commitment to service excellence. With a dynamic workforce and a network of stores and service centres island wide, we offer a vibrant and growth-oriented environment where employees are empowered to thrive, take ownership and make a real impact.

About the Role

We are seeking an experienced and forward-thinking professional to lead innovative IT initiatives that drive the digital transformation of our company.

In this role, you will conceptualise, design and implement cutting-edge solutions such as internal apps, AI-powered tools and automation systems that enhance operational efficiency and customer experience. You will play a key role in turning ideas into real-world digital products that streamline operations, boost efficiency and support smarter data-informed decision-making.

Key Responsibilities

• Develop a holistic digitalisation roadmap aligned with the company’s strategic goals
• Engage with business units to assess existing process pain points and identify opportunities for improvement
• Collaborate with business units to identify and prioritise areas for digitalisation to enhance productivity, efficiency and quality
• Lead and oversee end-to-end implementation of digitalisation projects
• Provide leadership to IT specialists and departments involved in digital initiatives

Stay abreast of emerging technologies and trends to recommend innovative solutions that support business transformation

Qualifications and Requirements

• Bachelor’s degree in computer science, engineering or a related field
• A minimum of 10 years’ experience in digital transformation and solution delivery
• Proven experience leading cross-functional digital projects such as AI tools or workflow automation
• Knowledge of emerging technologies and their application in business environments
• Good understanding of modern databases and digital technologies
• Strong analytical mindset with excellent problem-solving skills
• Excellent communication and stakeholder engagement skills, with the ability to translate technical concepts into business value

What We Offer

At Gain City, we are committed to the growth and development of our employees. You will be offered various learning and development opportunities and a collaborative, forward-thinking and growth-focused work environment to thrive in your career. You will also receive a comprehensive benefits package.

Join Our Team

If you are passionate about driving digital transformation and looking for the opportunity to lead impactful tech initiatives, apply now to be a part of our growing team!

Note

• Only shortlisted candidates will be notified

Join a dynamic team responsible for managing and optimizing IT infrastructure and networks to ensure seamless operations. This role focuses on cloud services implementation and providing first-level IT support to enhance user experience.

Responsibilities:

• Oversee the management of IP networks and IT infrastructure, including administration, monitoring, and backup operations.

• Implement and maintain various SaaS Cloud Services (e.g., Azure AD, Office 365, Teams, and Intune).

• Manage Fortinet Firewall and VPN, with a preference for knowledge in Fortinet Secure SD-WAN.

• Assist with user account administration and access matrices, particularly during onboarding and offboarding.

• Support the setup of new centers by scoping IT network and end-user requirements and overseeing the procurement and implementation of IT services and equipment.

• Provide first-level IT support for end-user computing issues related to PCs, laptops, and mobile devices, especially for designated centers.

• Assist with IT audits, monitor IT asset movement, and manage the creation and deletion of user accounts on external systems.

• Handle IT-related administrative tasks, including contract renewals, user folder access, and asset tracking.

Requirements:

• Bachelor's Degree or Diploma in Information Technology, Computer Science, Management Information Systems, or a related field.

• Minimum of 3 years of experience in on-premise and/or cloud IT infrastructure administration and service desk support.

• ITIL and/or Cybersecurity certifications are advantageous.

• Familiarity with cloud solutions, VM, networking systems, firewalls, and routing protocols.

• Proficiency in managing user access, internal controls, and providing end-user support.

• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to work independently and collaboratively.

Interested candidate who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click “Apply”. We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified 

EA License No.: 01C4394 (PERSOL Singapore Pte Ltd) 

By sending us your personal data and curriculum vitae (CV), you are deemed to consent to PERSOL Singapore Pte Ltd and its affiliates to collect, use and disclose your personal data for the purposes set out in the Privacy Policy available at https://www.persolsingapore.com/policies. You acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agree with the Privacy Policy. 

Responsibilities

• Liaise with stakeholders to identify business needs.

• Coordinate, manage and/or work with external auditors, service providers, regulators and/or other agencies.

• Conduct in-depth analysis of the business requirements specifications and feasibility studies on possible solutions. 

• Identify and communicate findings/issues to auditees and management and recommend appropriate solutions and improvements in the control environment, risk management, business and governance processes.

• Document needs and objectives, current operational procedures, issues. Implement SOP and knowledge base to assure continued operational effectiveness of audit and compliance management actions and controls.

• Develop detailed user requirement documents. 

• Identify system/data products deficiencies and performance gaps. Perform compliance checks or follow-up review on IT applications and processes to assess the overall state of compliance with prevailing cybersecurity policies, processes and standards and that management agreed actions are implemented as planned. Determine the adequacy, operating effectiveness of the controls implemented.

• Identify options for resolution of system gaps. Drive and collaborate with cross-functional team to strengthen security measures.

• Support the preparation of solution proposals

• Advocate technical compatibility and user satisfaction

• Conduct change impact analysis

• Support Planning of project timelines and resources needed

• Prepare project status reports for stakeholders. Provide regular reporting to relevant stakeholders, including senior management, on the overall state of audit and compliance.

• Work with users, technical staff and management to determine and resolve issues. Communicate and provide relevant, timely and credible information to allow management address identified IT risks, formulate appropriate risk treatment plans to meet business objectives.

• Drive and execute IT audits within the organization in accordance with the approved annual audit plan. Review and coordinate the work of the team members to ensure that artefacts provided to auditors, draft audit reports and other deliverables meet the internal standards and assignments are completed within budgeted time.

Requirements

• Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Information Security or related field

• 5+ years experience in Application Operations, IT governance, compliance, or security

• Experience with application security standards and controls

• Understanding of software development lifecycle

• Familiarity with audit processes and requirements

• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills

• Excellent communication and stakeholder management abilities

• Relevant certifications (CISA, CISM, CRISC) preferred

Licence no : 12C6060

Roles & Responsibilities:

• May occasionally be requested for business trip outside of Singapore for IT operations.
• Assist in setup of computers, printers, wifi-routers and servers for new vessels
• Provide office IT support to the company employees.
• Provide vessel IT support to the crews onboard the vessels.
• Ensure all the IT issues are resolved within the stipulated time.
• Ensure assigned IT project tasks are completed within the stipulated timeline.
• Provide effective communication and customer service to the employees and the crews, in person and through phone calls and emails.
• Update the IT asset inventory, application accounts and audit related documents regularly.
• Setup account, preparation of hardware and software for new hires.
• Participate/assist in internal and external audits.
• Develop troubleshooting documentation for the staff and crews.
• Oversee IT procurement according to the company process.

Requirements:

• Recognized Diploma in technology or computer science.
• Preferably 3-5 years or above experience working in IT infrastructure including the end-users.
• Knowledge and certification in VMWare, Microsoft Hyper-V and CCNA will be advantageous.
• Good knowledge and experience in LAN/WAN network configuration
• Able to multi-tasking and work on multiple projects simultaneously.
• Good interpersonal skills
• Good analytical, troubleshooting and problem-solving skills
• Self-motivated and have drive, and ability to work independently and a good team player.

We offer attractive remuneration package and fringe benefits with excellent career development opportunities in a global organization.

We are an equal opportunity employer. Applications from all qualified candidates are welcome.

All information provided by applicants will be used for recruitment-related purposes only and will be handled in strict confidence by authorized personnel. Only short-listed candidates will be notified.

Eurofins IT Solution is looking for an experienced BMC Helix Developer to join our dynamic team. This role will involve working with a diverse group of professionals to develop, integrate, and maintain BMC Helix solutions that meet our clients' unique needs. The ideal candidate should have a strong background in IT service management and a deep understanding of the ITIL, BMC Helix ITSM, DWPC, DWPA, BMC Helix Innovation Studio.

Total years of experience – 5 to 8 years

BMC years of experience – 3 to 5 years

Key Responsibilities

• Solution Development: Design, develop, and implement BMC Helix applications and solutions tailored to business requirements.
• Integration: Integrate BMC Helix with other enterprise systems and third-party applications such as Intune, SCCM, XSOAR,  Monitoring tools (SolarWinds, Site 24/7) to ensure seamless operations and data flow.
• BMC Discovery and CMDB health: Ensuring the Configuration Management Database (CMDB) is synchronized with the data discovered by BMC Discovery
• Customization: Customize BMC Helix modules, workflows, and user interfaces to enhance usability and meet specific business needs.
• Technical Support: Provide technical support and troubleshooting for BMC Helix applications, ensuring timely resolution of issues and minimal disruption to business operations.
• Documentation: Create and maintain detailed technical documentation, including design specifications, testing plans, and user guides.
• Collaboration: Work closely with project managers, business analysts, and other stakeholders to gather requirements, provide status updates, and deliver high-quality solutions on time and within budget.
• Training: Provide training and support to end-users and IT staff on BMC Helix functionalities and best practices.
• Continuous Improvement: Stay up to date with the latest developments in BMC Helix and IT service management to identify opportunities for process improvements and innovation.
• Support: Support issues related to the applications: Digital Workplace, Smart IT, Helix Dashboard, Remedy Single Sign-On, Mid-tier. Provide support for BMC Remedy ITSM modules including Incident Management, Problem Management, Asset Management, Configuration Database Management, Service Level Management
• Configuration: Configure Foundation data and set up ITSM modules. Manage Service Requests using SRM or the Digital Workplace Catalog. Create reconciliation jobs, custom datasets, attributes, and classes in CMDB. Maintain CMDB health checks and configure notifications using HTML.
• Reporting: Create Reports, Dashboards, and distribute reports.
• Others: Respond to and resolve issues within defined SLAs. Engage with BMC to identify and resolve issues.

If you are passionate and have strong desire to set and achieve challenging goals, you have found the right team.

This role sits within the front office and will be working in a dynamic and busy trading floor environment. You will be servicing institutional /corporate accounts and manage the electronic FX trading platform.

As an Analyst in the Currencies Emerging Markets Trading team, you will play an active role in managing risk, liquidity and exposure and driving all aspects of the trading desk: pre-trade analysis, trade execution and the design of optimal risk management for large trades. Tracking supply and demand, you will constantly evaluate market developments in order to give clients innovative solutions and work with internal groups to deliver new products. You will be placed with desk which primarily deals in fixed income and foreign exchange.

Job Responsibilities

• Primary responsibility for managing our electronic FX/NDFs/STIRT franchise including price delivery, risk management and data analytics

• Responding to day to day client requests and needs

• Understanding market drivers (of those markets in which involved), market moves, and the numbers behind it all, as well as cross-asset implications

• Perform data analysis of the business and associated drivers of revenue

• Understanding drivers of relevant markets and establish a high degree of competence with clients around executing trades

• Understanding firm's approach and policies for managing risks in relevant business and applicable legal and regulatory rules, and follows policies

Required qualifications, capabilities, and skills

• Bachelor’s degree or equivalent in Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics or a related field

• Proficiency in least one programming language Python/KDB/Java/C++

• At least 1 year of relevant experience in FX/EM FX

• Understands the different types of risk and can discuss in detail ways of managing these risks using optimal strategies

• Thoroughly understands drivers of relevant markets and can explain and anticipate market movements.

• Ability to thrive on the challenge of competitive pressures and remain focused on client needs

• Ability to communicate concepts and ideas, both verbally and via documentation, and be able to defend their validity and target messages to different audiences.

Preferred Qualifications, capabilities and skills

• Experience in FX/NDF/STIRT E-trading

• Demonstrable proficiency with Python

• Ability to perform data analysis and present it in a clear and concise manner

• Self-directed, highly motivated, and able to work independently

To apply for this position, please use the following URL:

https://ars2.equest.com/?response_id=3a231cd08b383cdc3d418de74f4f8215

Roles and Responsibilities:

• Monitor network traffic, system logs, and security alerts to identify potential security incidents and unauthorized activities in a timely manner.

• Design, deploy, and manage threat detection rules and preventive security controls to safeguard critical systems and data in response to the latest threat landscape.

• Perform in-depth analysis of security events to determine the nature and scope of potential security incidents and recommend risk mitigation strategies. When necessary, carry out digital forensic for reporting and auditing purposes.

• Contribute in threat hunting exercises or cyber projects to improve overall security posture.

Qualifications & Experience:

• Technical know-how and experience in solutions such as but not limited to:

• Network Security (F/W, IPS, VPN, NAC) - Fortigate, Palo Alto

• Web Security (WAF, Web isolation) - Cloudflare, Zscaler, Microsoft

• Endpoint Security (EDR, AV, DLP) - Crowdstrike, Microsoft

• Threat Monitoring - Qradar, GoogleSec Ops, Resilient, Claroty

• Vulnerability Management – Tenable, Ivanti, Microsoft

• Cloud Security – Microsoft, Palo Alto

• Identity Management - Microsoft, CyberArk

• Threat Hunting and Simulation – Cymulate, Crowdstrike

• 3 years of relevant experience in SOC environment

Roles & Responsibilities

Job Purpose

Support the Regional Manager, Asia with daily admin work and regional coordination. Collect and compile sales/operations updates from Country/Branch Managers and coordinate with Finance to confirm numbers for monthly reports and forecasts.

Key Responsibilities

• Admin support: Schedule meetings, prepare agendas, take minutes, and track action items.
• Regional coordination: Follow up with Country/Branch Managers to ensure requests and reports are submitted on time.
• Report collection & consolidation: Gather weekly/monthly sales and operations reports and compile them into one regional summary (template provided).
• Finance coordination: Work with Accounting/Finance and country teams to check revenue, gross profit and key cost numbers; support monthly reporting and simple variance notes.
• Forecast support: Collect country inputs (pipeline and expected revenue) and maintain a simple forecast tracker.
• Document control: Maintain organized filing for regional reports, templates, and approvals.

Requirements(Diploma or higher level)

• Diploma in Business Administration, Logistics, Finance, or related field.
• 1–3 years’ experience in admin / coordination / reporting support (logistics is an advantage).
• Comfortable with Microsoft 365 e.g. Excel (basic formulas, sorting, simple tables).
• Good communication and follow-up skills (email/Teams/WhatsApp) across different countries and time zones.
• Careful with numbers, detail-oriented, able to meet deadlines.
• Good English and Mandarin (written and spoken).
• Will need to travel overseas for work when necessary.

Personal Traits

Organized • Responsible • Proactive •Able to handle confidential information • Team-focused

SYSTEMS ANALYST

General Description:

You will be part of a highly cohesive digital solutions team to support business solutions.

You will contribute to design and deliver robust and reliable systems that meet the dynamic needs of our growing business. You will also work closely with IT product managers, operations, business users and industry partners to understand processes, pain points, to create and manage products & solutions. You will be responsible for designing, developing, testing and maintaining software applications using various technologies like Java, Angular, Spring Boot, .NET.

Key Skill(s) Exposure

• Technical skillset: Java, Angular, Spring Boot, .NET.
• Digital Product and Solutions management
• Supply Chain Process focusing on Logistics and Warehousing

Responsibilities

• Part of the Digital Solution Team to analyse business challenges, propose process improvements and deliver technically feasible digital solutions
• Responsible for designing, developing, testing and maintenance of application, enhancements as well as framework and CI/CD pipelines for application use.
• Work closely with IT architect team, infrastructure team and industry partners to review product design, analyze solutions, ensure compliance to security and architecture standards as well as software defect resolution and deployment best practices.
• Plan, design and collaborate with outsourced teams and vendors to deliver products & solutions with good quality, ensuring reliability and maintainability of products and solutions
• Support the rollout of product and solutions as well as to provide day-to-day support to business users and operations.
• Provide support to system & performance management, application security/vulnerability management & control and solutions release management.
• Perform such other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned from time to time

Requirements

• Diploma or Bachelor’s degree in Information System, Computer Science or related
• Proven experience of one or more: Java, .NET, Angular, Spring Boot and relational databases (MS SQL, My SQL, Oracle)
• Minimum 2 years of working experience in software development, implementations and support
• Knowledge of software best practices, like Test-Driven Development (TDD) and Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)
• Able to work independently and in a team environment
• Good technical acumen
• Highly conscientious, strong analytical and problem-solving skills
• Fast learner, able to multi-task and self-motivated to keep up to date with new technologies and business solutioning
• Adaptability and Resilience at work. Responsible and able to work under pressure and within timeline in a dynamic environment
• Good communication and interpersonal skills

Adapt latest technology to support team operation's improvement activitiesDetermine basic customer requirements to ensure effective implementation of IT projects

Determine implicit customer requirements through close interaction with customers to develop advanced IT solutions

Develop integrated project plans that include scope and resources required

Develop network security of IT-enabled processes and systems
Software development for manpower bussiness

Job Description:

We are seeking an IT & Technical Support to join our dynamic team. This role involves supporting the design, implementation, and maintenance of IT infrastructure, while also providing technical support across the organization.

Key Responsibilities:

• Oversee daily operations, administration, monitoring, and backup of IP networks and IT infrastructure, including security compliance
• Provide L1, L2, and L3 support for hardware, software, and network issues. Troubleshoot applications and resolve end-user issues
• Coordinate software updates, integration, and maintenance.
• Assist with installing and setting up workstations, PCs, printers, and other IT equipment
• Track IT assets, software licenses, and hardware inventory
• Manage asset tagging, software installations, and network patching
• Administer Windows OS, MS Office apps, and other software
• Ensure smooth operation of network systems, including handling printer and label printer issues
• [HR related] Onboarding tasks (email accounts, device setup, user access) and Offboarding processes (account deactivation, device reset)
• Maintain technical support documentation, manage IT inventory lists, and track asset movements
• Perform ad-hoc administrative duties as required
• Assist in generating and managing service requests for new employees' IT assets
• Maintain the company’s network, firewall, and ensure system security
• To maintain an up-to-date database of company IT related
• Work closely with different business units to understand their needs and align IT initiatives with business and clinical objectives
• Lead the planning, execution, and monitoring of major IT projects, ensuring they are completed on time and within budget

[Maintenance of mission-critical network and infrastructure systems] including:

• Perform on-site corrective maintenance within agreed timescale to restore normal service to users as quick as possible
• Perform routine preventive maintenance to minimize unscheduled system downtime
• Any other adhoc duties as assigned from time to time

Requirements:

• Minimum NITEC / Diploma / Degree in Information Technology or related field of studies.
• Min 2–3 year relevant experience 
• Basic knowledge of IT data security principles
• Technically proficient in Microsoft Office 365 and Asset Management
• Resourceful, proactive and able to take ownership of tasks with minimal supervision.
• Good interpersonal communication skills and ability to interact effectively with users.
• A team player with logical / Critical thinking and attention to details
• Experience in on-premise and IT infrastructure network administration and critical IT service management is a plus.
• Knowledge of operating systems, software applications, and remote connection systems is a plus.
• Knowledge and delivery of facilities management and integrated building solutions related projects is a plus.
• Based in Buona Vista (occasional travel to subsidiary clinic at Orchard).
• Working hours are 5.5 days per week (Saturday Alternate).

CCTV SYSTEM

• Involve in the project and maintenance services related with CCTV Systems, Access Control Systems, PA Systems, Alarm Systems and Server & Network Infrastructure and whenever required.
• Perform Installation, Implementation, Configuration and testing of system/storage equipment & setup.
• Troubleshoot Problem encountered on site.
• Develop implementation plan, migration plan, and acceptance test plan for the project.
• Work closely with Project/Maintenance Managers in Planning the implementation tasks.

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

• Installation: Install and configure access control systems, including electronic locks, card readers, biometric scanners, and control panels.
• Maintenance: Perform routine inspections and preventive maintenance on access control systems to ensure optimal performance.
• Troubleshooting: Diagnose and resolve issues with access control hardware and software, including system malfunctions, wiring issues, and connectivity problems.
• Software Management: Install, update, and manage access control software, ensuring that all systems are up-to-date and compliant with security protocols.
• Customer Support: Provide technical support and training to clients on the operation and management of access control systems.

NETWORK

• Perform Installation and troubleshooting on network devices like Cisco, Aruba and Allied Telesis.
• Knowledge of Routers/Switches architecture and software upgrade procedure
• Support Network infrastructure Projects.
• Provide support to resolve network incidents and issues.
• CCNA/CCNP Certification

Our company is looking for an IT Infrastructure Engineer to lead the maintenance and operation of our clients' IT infrastructure environments.

In this position, you will play a crucial role in supporting the stable operation of IT infrastructure, working closely with internal and external stakeholders, and ensuring business continuity for clients through operational management and troubleshooting. Additionally, you will have the opportunity to engage with IT infrastructure environments across various industries, allowing you to experience the latest technologies and achieve long-term career growth.

Desired Qualities

• Leadership: Ability to lead a team to achieve stable IT infrastructure operations

• Communication Skills: Proficiency in coordinating with multiple departments and external vendors

• Problem-Solving Skills: Ability to accurately analyze technical issues and direct and execute optimal solutions

________________________________________

Job Description

1. PC-Installation and Management

• PC setup (E-Mail, printer, shared folder connection, etc.), migration tasks

• PC troubleshooting, maintenance, support

2. Network Infrastructure Maintenance and Operation

• Main target devices: Firewall (FortiGate), switch (NETGEAR), wireless access point (Ruckus)

• Job content: Maintenance and operation of network infrastructure

3. Microsoft 365 Installation and Management

• Maintenance and operation of Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Azure

• User account management, access rights settings

• Cloud services: Configuration of Exchange Online, OneDrive, Teams, SharePoint

• Device management: Configuration of MDM and MAM using Intune

4. Other IT Infrastructure Related Tasks

• Preliminary investigation and vendor inquiries related to communication lines (internet lines, telephone lines)

• Arrangement of LAN wiring work, preliminary investigation and vendor inquiries related to telephone systems, web conferencing systems, surveillance cameras (CCTV), door access systems

5. Team Management

• Assignment of tasks to team members

• Handling escalations from team members

• General management tasks such as managing team members' leave

Role: Metals Commercial Operator 
Department: Operations
Location-(s): Singapore

Squarepoint is a global investment management firm that utilizes a diversified portfolio of systematic and quantitative strategies across financial markets that seeks to achieve high quality, uncorrelated returns for our clients. We have deep expertise in trading, technology and operations and attribute our success to rigorous scientific research. As a technology and data-driven firm, we design and build our own cutting-edge systems, from high performance trading platforms to large scale data analysis and compute farms. With offices around the globe, we emphasize true, global collaboration by aligning our investment, technology, and operations teams functionally around the world.

Building on our quantitative research platform and process-driven approach, Squarepoint also runs discretionary strategies to augment our systematic approach and monetize opportunities which may not be suitable to be traded in a systematic strategy.

Position Overview:
An opportunity to join a growing team, primarily working on the day to day inventory management and logistics of physical metals alongside assisting with the growth and development of the firms processes and procedures.

• Management of physical metals inventory specifically concentrates metals
• Working closely with Investment team on new physical purchase and sale contracts
• Checking documentation related to physical metal contracts
• Preparation and review of contracts
• Providing inventory reporting and updates to the Investment team
• Maintaining documentation relating to physical contracts and inventory
• Arranging inspections of inventory
• Arranging logistics for movement of metal globally
• Control exposure under Weighing Sampling and Moisture Determination
• Coordinate hedging instructions and QP declarations

Required Qualifications:

• 5+ years in concentrates metals commercial operations and logistics including in China
• Strong understanding of physical metals markets and products
• Good understanding of LME and CME metals products
• Demonstrate proficiency in all calculations used to support any products in your asset class coverage
• Understand the importance of our team concept. Establish long-lasting organizational relationships that will foster a productive work environment
• Demonstrate proficiency in written and communication skills
• Working on system and process improvements, and new business initiatives
• Understand the relevant technology and applications that are required to excel in the role
• Customer focused
• Proficiency in Mandarin is needed to deal with Chinese documentation and Chinese external vendors