Total 255 it technician job vacancies in Information Technology category in Australia

What we are looking for (Banking Sector Client):
- Hybrid Role With 2 Aspects: Java/Oracle Software Development + System Engineering Windows/Unix/Linux/MQ Series/Connect Direct etc. Environment/Infra Set Up
- DevOps: No need to implement CI/CD, just need to know how to use/deploy for unit testing.
- Mandatory: Oracle pl/sql, Linux/unix shell scripting and java

Interested candidates may apply directly or reach out to our recruiters (Edwin Teo; EA Personnel No. R24123520; Whatsapp +65 8833 0192)

Responsibilities:

- Contribute to design, development, unit testing, infra/env setup, code/infra review and end to end rollout of AML project related system changes/production fixes

- Manage and work with vendor teams, cross-teams and stakeholders to successfully deliver enhancements for AML systems during all phases of the project delivery/production fixes.

- Review and contribute to test planning for SIT and UAT

- Coordinate and plan with Infra and change management teams for application deployment activities in DevOps environment.

- Effect system changes into test and production environments by following application change implementation process via the Bitbucket, Jenkins and Aldon change management tools

- Conduct technical delivery/process knowledge and best practices sharing/training sessions with internal teams to raise teams competency level.

- Maintain application infrastructure in Unix/Linux, Windows and Oracle environments

Requirements:

- Good written and verbal communication skills and analytical ability

- Project/system enhancements delivery experience in the banking industry

- Hands on experience in design and configurations/development work

- Experience in leading, with good results, design gathering and design workshops with users as part of change delivery or defects fixes work

- Experience in environment setup i.e. Vendor package installation, SSL, Oracle Wallet, Vault, firewall.

- Hands on experience in system interface setup i.e. Connect Direct, SFTP, IBM MQ

- Strong Oracle SQL and PL/SQL design and development skills

- Strong Java/Shell Scripting knowledge in Unix/Linux/Windows environment

- System delivery Operational impact awareness

- Ability to understand SLA / KPI and deliver items within correct time space

- Ability to have vendor interaction and management skills

- Any working experience with KYC Compliance - Know Your Client applications (e.g. Fircosoft, Actimize, Detica/NetReveal)

Key Domain/ Technical Skills:

- Oracle SQL and PL/SQL

- Hands on experience using java and shell scripting in Unix/Linux environments

- DevOps CI/CD and release management

About the company:

HRnetGroup is a leading talent acquisition group in Asia, with operations in 12 growth cities. Since inception in 1992, the Group has expanded organically within the professional recruitment and flexible staffing industries.

Our growth has been driven by a solid infrastructure of systems and processes as well as its organisational culture that cultivates diligence, breakthrough performance, and integrity.

HRnetGroup was listed on the Singapore Exchange in June 2017. In 2018, HRnetGroup won “The Enterprise Award” at the Singapore Business Awards, organised by The Business Times and DHL, in recognition of its profound influence on the recruitment scene in Singapore and the region.

• As a team member, you will be assigned various modules and features for maintenance and re-development as the team work to transit from its legacy HR system into a newer tech architecture.

• You will be required to apply your knowledge in backend development to create and maintain RESTful APIs via C# running on .NET Core.

• You will be required to work extensively with MS SQL Server using Entity Framework ORM.

• You will own the modules assigned to you and be responsible for support issues as well as enhancements to features.

• You will be given opportunities to interact and liaise with internal & external users as well as provide presentations (of new features/enhancements) & conduct trainings sessions.
  

Requirements:

• At least 7-10 years .NET C# development experience, majoring in Web technologies

• Experience with development of REST APIs a must

• Entity Framework and/or OR Mapping Framework experience

• Angular/VueJS/React development experience via TypeScript a plus

• Proficiency in English

• Able to work independently and in a team environment

We area manufacturer and supplier of windowcovering products and have been providing quality customer service. We offerfunctional ideas without compromising on style. Our high quality and innovativewindow covering solutions are suitable for various interior and exteriorconfigurations. From dream homes to schools, offices and hospitals, we ensurethat each space is fitted with its best window covering option.

Job Description

Responsibilities:

Responsible for intelligent window controlinstallment.

Responsible for timely project scheduling& effective budget / costing control

Maintain & build strong relationshipswith clients, vendors & site operation technical support

Liaise with customer for projects’requirement and enquiries

Provides internal support / co-ordinationefforts on the project or technical issues

Prepare user manual and conduct training toclient as and when required

JD for System Administrator

The main purpose of the role is to support the system administration part to carry out day to day task of troubleshooting and deployments as scheduled. This role reports into the Local SHE IT manager and Global ITS workplace team and works closely with different stakeholders to ensure smooth running IT/IS operation.

Core Mission:

• Support L1/L2 incidents or request raised end user.

• Deploy new computer images as companies’ standard using SCCM

• Co-Ordination with suppliers on parts replacement or repair activity

• Update all computer asset in CMDB or keep tracking asset in excel as per companies’ guidelines

• Support network related incident raised

• Support all L1/L2 ticket raised

• Support and troubleshoot printer and label printers

• Installation and deployment of Windows-10 and Windows-11 Operating System

• Installation of PC based software like – Office, Bartender, CodeSoft,etc

• Manage and keep track of all software and hardware assets.

• Keep track of asset allocation to users and shared resource

• Support Conference room and Barco Devices

Requirements:

• Good knowledge on Windows environment/Operating system Installations

• L1/L2 support for handling all service request and Incidents raised in helpdesk Tool

• Good Knowledge on SCCM Software deployment, Application installations

• Good knowledge on applications installations Like – Catia tools , inhouse tools or engineering apps installations etc.

• Coordination with Vendor for defective part replacement of workstation, Laptop

• Basic understanding of networking concepts(TCP, UDP, Routing)

• Good Command on troubleshooting of Windows OS related issues.

• Good knowledge on Scripting shell –Like – power shell or any other tool added advantage

• If any certification of MCP or MCITP-(Microsoft Certified IT Professional) added advantage

• The minimum experience will be 1 to 2 Years.

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Cleaning/ Maintenance Services
• Position Title: Data Centre Cleaning & Maintenance Technician
• Working Location: Islandwide
• Working Hours: 6 days (Mon-Sat, 9am – 6pm)
• Salary Package: Basic + OT + Performance Bonus + Extra 2 days Leave/ month
• Duration: Permanent

Key Responsibilities

• Carry out cleaning tasks at assigned sites (e.g. vacuuming, mopping, disinfecting, etc.)
• Support installation works as instructed.
• Inform supervisors when supplies are low, equipment is damaged, or facility issues need repair.
• Assist with deliveries.
• Perform general housekeeping in the warehouse and storage areas.
• Follow safety and cleanliness requirements.
• Use cleaning and maintenance equipment safely and properly.
• Perform any other duties assigned by the Manager or Management.

APPLY NOW!!!

• Comfortable using cleaning tools and equipment.
• Willing to learn and adapt to different tasks and responsibilities.
• Basic English skills (able to read instructions and communicate).
• Willing to work overtime when needed, including after hours and weekends.
• Able to work well in a team and independently with minimal supervision.
• Good communication skills; responsible and reliable.

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #82315 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Angel Lim | EA Reg No.: R1769781

Job Description

Key Responsibilities 

• Assists Tool owner in planning the daily work schedule within assigned territory to ensure completion of Preventive Maintenance and remedial maintenance. 

• Uses escalation policies as required to keep management informed of down situations. 

• Performs daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, bi-annual, and annual periodic maintenance on systems within established time frames. Also performs wet cleans as required. Work together with fellow Amat Process personnels in the operation and maintenance of systems. Troubleshoots and corrects process variations on systems partially with assistance from senior engineers. 

• Assist in start-up, retrofit and relevant CIPs. Provides technical assistance to less experienced Applied personnel when required. Uses training and experience to identify some process related system problems. 

• Develops and implements plans to increase productivity. Tracks equipment performance and plan uptime improvement. Preferably possess a working knowledge of Statistical Process Control, Quality Improvement Process methods, Risk Assessment and semiconductor industry terminology. 

• Plans and executes support activities on a wide range of Applied Materials' systems. May need technical assistance in performance of daily responsibilities. 

Requirements

• ITE/ Diploma in Engineering or relevant studies

• Basic understanding on semiconductor process/ equipment is preferred

• Past experiences in handling AMAT equipment will be an added advantage

• Must be able to commit normal work hours (non-shift) from Monday - Friday in the beginning and open to change to shift work at a later stage
  

  Work Location

  • Fusionopolis

Responsibilities:

• Experience in integrating IT networks with OT systems.
• Working knowledge with handling OT assets - HMIs, PLCs, Scada, Sensors, Inspection machines (CMM, CNCs), 3D printers etc.
• Experience in updating the required details in the PLC configuration, IP data
• Asset inventory data collection/Identify risks in advance and highlight.
• Familiarity with secure protocols (OPC-UA, Modbus TCP/IP, Ethernet/IP, SMB).
• Network design and implementation, including LAN/WAN, VLANs, and routing protocols.

• Well Established Company
• Basic $3000 - $3800 + Allowance + AWS + Variable Bonus
• Excellent Welfare and Benefits + Career progression
• Working location: North
• Working hours: Normal Working Hours
• Training provided for those without/lesser experience

Job Responsibilities:

• Hands-on experience in maintenance and troubleshooting of electrical and/or PLC based systems
• Responsible for maintaining systems located in northern region
• Identification of potential issues
• Liaise with team members, clients or others for problem resolution
• Other ad-hoc duties as assigned

Job Requirements:

• Minimum Nitec in Engineering, preferably Electrical, Electronics or Automation
• Candidate without or with lesser experience are welcome as Training will be provided
• Possess valid Class 3 Driving License

Candidates are encouraged to apply this position via Apply Now button with the following information in the resume

• Work experiences and job responsibilities
• Current and Expected salary
• Reason for leaving
• Date of availability
• Education background

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.

LIONG ZHAO GUAN (R22107632)

EA Recruitment Pte Ltd

EA License No: 21C0492

About the role

IT System Specialist supports all IT systems, data, security, hardware, and software functions across the automotive business. This role requires strong technical expertise to support technology strategy, systems integration, reporting, and business operations. The incumbent will assist in ensuring that vehicle systems, VIN data, retail partner data, and enterprise platforms are technically aligned, data-driven, and scalable across product lines and business units.

The position supports the Country's BYD/Denza operations and works closely with various Headquarters teams in China. It serves as a key liaison across departments and supports business capabilities, analytics, reporting, and future digital initiatives.

Key responsibilities

• Support the optimisation of end-to-end systems and enterprise data platforms

• Assist in defining data architecture principles, models, and standards governing data flow

• Support the design and management of interfaces between systems to provide support to the business and retail partners

• Ensure hardware and software solutions support business requirements locally and at HQ

• Manage office IT requirements and provide technical support to users

• Support the implementation of governance frameworks to ensure compliance and manage system interfaces, data ownership, and version control across platforms

• Maintain traceability throughout the data lifecycle, including collection, storage, processing, usage, and retention

• Assist in managing cybersecurity risks, data security, and compliance with regulatory requirements

• Work closely with all departments to ensure cohesive system design and effective data flow both locally and with HQ

• Coordinate with Sales CRM and Aftersales DMS stakeholders to ensure smooth system operations

Requirements

• Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, Data Engineering, or a related discipline

• Preferred 2–5 years of experience in IT systems, data management, systems integration, or enterprise applications

• Experience supporting data governance initiatives and system integrations is advantageous

• Basic understanding of cybersecurity, data privacy, and IT governance principles

• Strong analytical and problem-solving skills

• Ability to work effectively with cross-functional teams and stakeholders

• Bilingual in English and Mandarin is strongly preferred to facilitate communication with China HQ and regional stakeholders

• Graduate in any discipline (Business Administration, Logistics, Engineering or Supply Chain Management preferred, but not essential).

• A confident communicator with strong interpersonal skills.

• Ability to think outside the box and work productively in a fast-paced, dynamic environment.

• Demonstrated interest or experience in project management and the ability to manage tasks effectively.

• Energetic, proactive and self-motivated to make an impact.

Who we are

You enjoy creating and innovating. You never stop striving for better. You take responsibility and you get results. You love being part of a team. Above all, you want your work to matter: Welcome to our world! At Sonova we create sense by bringing sound to life. Our innovative hearing care solutions help millions of people enjoy life’s unforgettable moments.

We offer exceptional career opportunities through market-leading brands from consumer to medical, products and services that keep pushing hearing care forward, and a culture where you can quickly belong and perform at your best.

If you want the freedom to explore, opportunities to grow, and make positive change on people lives through your work, this is the place for you.

IT System Engineer

Lead the day-to-day management of regional IT infrastructure, ensuring alignment with standards and guidelines defined by Infrastructure Engineering teams.

Provide guidance and mentorship to selected Field Services team members on Level 1 infrastructure-related topics, fostering knowledge development and operational excellence.

More about the role:

• Regional Support for IT Systems and Core Applications

• Operate, maintain and support:

o Network solutions (LAN, WAN, Wi-Fi, VPN, MPLS),

o CISCO Router, Switches, Meraki,

o MS Windows Server (2019, 2022, 2025)

o Backup Systems

• Identify, isolate and resolve issues related to IT Services

• Monitor and Optimize global IT Systems and Core Applications with IT Monitoring Tools

• Takeover of new or changed Hard- & Software into Production

• Measure and control IT Systems Utilization

• Capacity planning & hardware lifecycle

• Work on complex problems as 2nd level support tier

• Author, update and deliver detailed documentation of system level procedures, configurations and standards

• Disaster recovery planning

• Vulnerability remediation

• Perform hands-on hardware deployment, including racking, stacking, cabling, and physical troubleshooting when on-site Level 1 support is unavailable

More about you:

• Bachelor’s degree in computer science with 7 years minimum of relevant practical experience in IT System Administration

• Well-versed in network solutions (LAN, WAN, Wi-Fi, VPN, MPLS), CISCO Devices

• Experience with Microsoft technologies and in the administration of Windows Server environments (Version 2019, 2022, 2025) as well as Active Directory

• Team-Player with strong communication abilities; strong interpersonal skills with ability to work successfully in an intensely collaborative environment with a broad range of people from culturally diverse backgrounds.

More about what we offer:

As one of the world’s leading hearing care providers headquartered in Switzerland, we’re committed to building an inclusive culture. We want to create an environment where you can balance a successful career with your commitments and interests outside of work, through our flexible hybrid working model. We offer a wide range of training opportunities for both your professional and personal development, and there are exceptional growth opportunities with individual development plans.

Interested candidates, please submit your updated resume with your current and expected remuneration to Ms. Vivi, Talent Acquisition Manager at vivi.dai@sonova.com.

We are regretful that only shortlisted candidate will be contacted.

Sonova is an equal opportunity employer.

We team up. We grow talent. We collaborate with people of diverse backgrounds to win with the best team in the marketplace. We guarantee every person equal treatment in regard to employment and opportunity for employment, regardless of a candidate's ethnic or national origin, religion, sexual orientation or marital status, gender, genetic identity, age, disability or any other legally protected status.

Software Development & AI Implementation

1. i. Develop scalable, resilient cloud-native applications using modern programming languages and frameworks.
2. ii. Implement AI features by integrating machine learning models, APIs, and cloud AI services into production applications.
3. iii. Write clean, maintainable, and well-documented code that addresses real user needs, following established coding standards and best practices.
4. iv. Participate in code reviews, technical design discussions, architecture reviews and contribute to continuous improvement of development processes.
5. v. Contribute to robust automated testing frameworks and create comprehensive technical documentation and decision records.

Cloud Development & Deployment

• Build applications leveraging cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud Platform, utilising their core services and AI capabilities.
• Develop microservices, containerised applications, and serverless functions as part of larger system architectures.
• Collaborate with DevOps teams to deploy applications through CI/CD pipelines and monitor application performance in cloud environments.

Agile Team Participation

• Actively participate in agile ceremonies including daily stand-ups, sprint planning, sprint reviews, and retrospectives.
• Work collaboratively with the Lead Developer,product owners, and cross-functional team members to deliver features within sprint commitments.
• Contribute to story estimation, task breakdown, and sprint goal achievement whilst embracing agile principles and continuous learning.

• Bachelor's degree or higher in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or related field, or equivalent practical experience, preferably with minimum 3 years of experience in software engineering roles with exposure to cloud-based applications.
• Proficiency in at least one modern programming language such as Python, JavaScript, Golang or similar. Strong foundation in computer science concepts including data structures, algorithms, Object-Oriented Programming principles, with knowledge in database concepts (SQL, No-SQL) and CI/CD pipeline (GitHub workflows);
• Familiar with web development technologies (HTML,CSS, JavaScript), API Design, DevOps principles, version control (Git), software development lifecycle and testing methodologies.
• Basic experience with cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, or GCP, and understanding of cloud services. Familiarity with containerization concepts (Docker) and API development.
• Experience working in agile development environments using Scrum or Kanban methodologies
• Experience working with AI coding assistants (e.g. Github CoPilot, Claude Code); and
• Good communication skills and ability to work effectively in a collaborative team environment, willingness to learn from senior team members and contribute to team knowledge sharing, and committed to writing clean, readable code and delivering quality work within established timelines.

Our client is global MNC, manufacturer of ventilation systems. Due to business needs, they are now recruiting a Field Application Technician to be part of their Field Service Team for ongoing transformation projects. They are located in the East Area - easily accessible.

Duties of Field Application Technician:

• Deliver technical assistance to contractors and clients through phone support and various communication platforms, resolving product or system-related enquiries effectively.
• Perform on-site inspections and measurements to evaluate and enhance system efficiency and performance.
• Liaise closely with customers and cross-functional teams to provide site assistance and resolve technical issues when necessary.
• Prepare and maintain service reports, technical documentation, training materials, and knowledge-sharing resources.
• Support additional tasks and projects assigned by management, while adapting to operational requirements.
• Uphold workplace safety standards by actively participating in risk assessment, hazard identification, and safety improvement initiatives.

Requirements:

• ITE or Diploma in Engineering field
• Min 1 year of field application experience in ACMV industry
• Possess Class 3 Driving License is a bonus

Interested candidates who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click APPLY NOW or email an updated copy of your resume/cv.
We regret that only shortlisted candidate will be notified.

Email Address: jobs@recruitpedia.sg

EA License No: 19C9682
EA Personnel No: R2198636
EA Personnel Name: Oh Puey Xin

Career Benefits:

• Team building activities

• Incentives will be given for meeting KPIs

• Highly accessible place of work near MRT

• Company medical insurance + dental 

• Comprehensive on the job training
  

Job Description

• Trouble shoot and repair motherboards/mobile issues, including glass replacement for LCD for all major brands for Oppo mobile phones

• Operate test equipment and/or grading software system

• Perform cosmetic inspections

• Provide technical and process support to customers

• Other ad-hoc duties assigned by supervisor
  

Requirements

• Minimum 1 year of mobile phone servicing experience is preferred

• Passion for customer service and ownership of the customer experience including comprehensive issue resolution

• Able to work as a team and fast-paced environment

·      Understands and translatesthe Entities and programmes (here after referring as RE) operational, tactical, and strategic needs for IT matters,and works closely with REs to plan for their IT needs. 

·      Plans, facilitates andexecutes continuous communication with REs, advising,sharing updates and obtaining feedback in areas such assecurity, policies and user experience, and works with the relevantITSS branches, to enhance awareness at the REs. 

·      Plans and operationalises processimprovement to engage and collaborate with REs on ITinitiatives, policy and compliance, IT related matters, ITbudget management and managing the RE’s IT needs. 

·      Performs the role of project managerin managing the implementation of IT solutions to complywith corporate directions, or to meet the RE’s business/ operationalrequirements independently. 

Roles and responsibilities 

IT Infrastructure: 

·      Basic understanding of networksetup. 

·      Be able to propose and setup ITsolutions to comply with corporate directions, like VirtualMachines, Data Storage system, SingAREN, etc. 

·      Be familiar with IT systems,platforms, and data centre operations to support corporate services. 

·      Be familiar with IT Servicedesk process and monitor tickets’ status. 

·      Be familiar with ITSS serviceoffering and translate to requirement needed by RE. 

·      Be familiar with IT policies andWhole of A*STAR system register. 

·      Help to ensure REs complywith all IT PSPG (Policies, Standards, Procedures andGuidelines), examples are IM8, A*STAR IT Policies, End-user Acceptable UsePolicies, etc.  

·      Effective Communication: Ensuretimely and intelligible responses to users. Act as a translation layer,explaining complex IT policies in simple terms to researchers and Researchinstitute management.

Explore New IT Technologies: 

·      To keep abreast with new ITTechnologies and strategies by attending courses, seminars andconferences. 

·      To conduct Proof-of-Conceptactivities with IT vendors and ITSS teams, to identify and exploitnew capabilities and features of emerging IT technologies,to assist in digitalization efforts of the REs to improvethe entities’ productivities and better use of resources.

Engagement Approach – Creating Value for Entities​: 

·      Develop deep domain knowledge ofthe REs. 

·      Ability to be proactive and adaptableto changes. 

·      Work closely with otherdivisions/entities to understand the different prioritiesand align the interest of REs to these priorities. 

·      Be a trusted partner and single pointof contact for REs IT needs. 

·      Sharing and adopting of new ITinitiative and drive cybersecurity awareness. 

·      Regular cadencewith REs management 

·      Bethe bridge between REs and ITSS functional team. 

·      Demonstrates high EQ in managingcomplex stakeholder relationships, balancing strict corporate compliance withthe flexibility required for users.

·      Service Orientation, StakeholderNegotiation, Crisis Management, and Urgency Prioritization.

Next Step: Ifinterested, you can click on “Apply here” or write an e-mail to dimple.jain@adecco.com with your updated resume.

Dimple Jain

EA LIcence No.91C2918

Personnel Registration No.  R22107270

Employment type - 1-year contract (Renewable)

Eligibility: Singaporean only

Role Overview

As a Data Engineer, you will design, build, and operate scalable, secure, and high-performance enterprise data platforms and ETL pipelines that enable analytics, reporting, and data-driven decision making. You will play a key technical role in delivering end-to-end data pipelines, analytics platforms, and integration solutions across hybrid and cloud environments, including Government Commercial Cloud (GCC) and MINDEF Commercial Cloud (MCC).

You will work closely with data and solution architects, business stakeholders, and infrastructure teams to translate requirements into robust, production-grade data solutions.

Job Responsibilities

1.     Data Engineering &Platform Design

·      Design and develop scalable and reliable data pipelines.

·      Build enterprise data platforms, including data warehouses, data lakes, and lake houses.

·      Implement cloud, hybrid, and on-premises data architectures aligned with enterprise standards.

2.     Data Integration &ETL/ELT

·      Lead ETL/ELT pipeline development with Talend as a core and highly preferred platform. Experience with other ETL/ELT tools will be considered.

·      Integrate structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data sources.

·      Implement and maintain data quality, validation, and error-handling frameworks.

3.     Storage & Data Management

·      Design and manage data storage solutions with a strong emphasis on object storage, data quality, and data governance.

·      Implement and maintain data lifecycle management and cost-optimization strategies.

·      Ensure data lineage, traceability, and auditability.

4.     Analytics Enablement& BI Integration

·      Engineer analytics-ready data models for reporting and self-service analytics.

·      Enable BI Dashboards, Reports, and analytics through performant and governed data pipelines.

5.     Security, Governance& Compliance

·      Ensure compliance with government security and privacy requirements.

·      Implement and maintain encryption, access controls, and secure data handling practices.

·      Implement and maintain security policies and procedures for the system

Job Requirements

Education - Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Computer Science, Engineering, Data Science, or a related field.

Core Technical Skills

• Strong hands-on data engineering experience
• Expertise in ETL/ELT with Talend (highly preferred)
• Experience with data warehouses, data lakehouses, data lakes, and object storage systems
• Qlik Sense Enterprise integration experience (highly preferred)
• Strong SQL and Python skills

Experience & Security Requirements

• Minimum 3+ years of experience in enterprise data engineering roles
• Prior CAT 1 / G50 security clearance(mandatory)
• Previous experience delivering MINDEF projects (mandatory)