Total 793 software test engineer job vacancies in Quality Assurance / Control category

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTABILITIES

Quality Engineer is responsible for making sure that the engineering and manufacturing process are performed correctly using the calibrated and right tools, correct material specs, and processes.

JOB RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Work with Quality Manager to ensure the inspection processes adhere to the relevant work Instructions, quality plan, drawings, and QMS requirement.
2. Leads cross-functional team in customer complaint and internal quality issues investigation and in-charge in driving corrective and preventive actions to prevent recurrence.
3. Analyzes data pertaining to the quality performance and identifies and implements continual improvement.
4. Performs internal audits to ensure the company's compliance with the QMS and customer requirements.
5. Conducts training to improve the competency of the quality inspectors.
6. Arrange with customer’s 3rd party inspector for on-going/pre-delivery of job inspection.
7. Promptly update the progress of on-going job(s) to the customer’s 3rd party inspector.
8. Review and sign-off of a material certificate, certificate of conformance, and testing report.
9. Liaise with supplier/customer on material certificate-related matters.
10. Assist Quality Manager in implementing the Quality Management System.
11. Work with Quality Supervisor/Lead & Quality Manager to monitor process study for improvement in efficiency, manpower saving, and optimal method.
12. Work with Quality Lead in managing the control of drift as per relevant process procedure.
13. Responsible for the accuracy and timely inspection & calibration of monitoring and measuring devices & ensure the use of calibrated and calibrated measuring equipment is practiced for both production (product-related) and quality departments and the Calibrated Measuring Equipment log is maintained.

REQUIRED COMPETENCIES

1. Proven and Solid 3 years of work experience in the same field and in the Oil & Gas Equipment Manufacturing Environment
2. Diploma/Degree in Engineering or related field
3. Knowledge in ISO9001, Quality Management System, Quality Control, and usage of measuring devices/tools.
4. Fluent both in oral and written English.
5. Good team player with a strong commitment to quality, and the ability to work closely and communicate effectively.

*Only shortlisted will be notified.

* Salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience.

Role Overview

We are supporting a large enterprise in search for a quality assurance engineer to drive system quality, reliability, and performance across a large-scale technology transformation programme.

You will play a key role in ensuring quality across both legacy systems (Java, Sybase) and a modern cloud-native architecture on Microsoft Azure (.NET, Azure SQL). This role goes beyond traditional testing—you will contribute to automation, CI/CD integration, and platform stability.

Key Responsibilities:

•⁠  ⁠You will design and execute test strategies across the SDLC and support System Integration Testing (SIT) and UAT to ⁠ensure test coverage, traceability, and quality metrics

•⁠  ⁠Developing and maintaining automated and manual test cases, performing functional, regression, and exploratory testing as well as managing defects, test artefacts, and quality reporting will be key

•⁠  ⁠In addition to collaborating with stakeholders to define clear acceptance criteria, you will also need to build and enhance test automation frameworks, integrate testing into CI/CD pipelines and monitor application performance, reliability, and stability

•⁠  ⁠Other regular activities also include supporting environment setup, troubleshooting, and maintenance, contributing to continuous improvement of QA practices and maintaining test documentation and reporting

Required Skills & Experience

•⁠  ⁠Alongside your strong experience in software testing/quality engineering, you would come with a minimum of 6 years hands-on experience with test automation tools and frameworks

•⁠  ⁠Good understanding of CI/CD and Agile practices, cloud platforms (preferably Microsoft Azure) as well as performance testing, security testing and system integration testing are crucial to the success of this role

•⁠  ⁠Some basic knowledge of infrastructure or platform operations is also vital 

•⁠  ⁠You should be familiar with containerisation (Docker/Kubernetes) and IaC tools (Terraform, etc.)

•⁠  ⁠Any experiences in cloud migration / modernization projects, DevOps practices, Java or .NET environments will be highly regarded. 

What’s in it for you?

This is a high impact role where you will influence system reliability and performance, get to be part of a large-scale cloud transformation and work on modern engineering practices

ABOUT SIOUX
Sioux is a strategic high-tech solutions provider that develops, innovates and assembles complex high-tech systems
We have a team of over 1,200 dedicated engineers who either support our clients or serve as their Research and Development department. Our strong productivity allows us to speed up product development, giving our clients a competitive edge at a better cost-effectiveness.
As a rapidly growing employer, Sioux values its employees' growth and well-being. We invest in their career development and foster a positive work environment that promotes personal and professional growth.

SIOUX IN SINGAPORE

Sioux Singapore plays a pivotal role in the Asian market by offering R&D services from our centers across Europe and Asia to customers, leading development teams in Asia, from Singapore

This expansion allows us to meet the changing needs of our domestic and international (OEM) customers in the semiconductor, analytical, and medical industries.

THE ROLE

As a Motion Control Engineer at Sioux Singapore, you are responsible for the design, development, and optimization of motion control systems for high-precision equipment used in the semiconductor, analytical, and medical industries. You will be part of a multidisciplinary team and work closely with system architects, software engineers, and mechanical designers to deliver reliable and performant motion solutions.

On this career trajectory, you can advance into the role of a lead engineer or system architect in line with the impact and independence of your individual contributions to the team that you are guiding.

Your responsibilities include:

• Designing and implementing motion control algorithms for precision positioning systems (e.g. servo drives, linear motors, piezo stages).
• Translating system-level performance requirements into motion subsystem specifications and control strategies.
• Selecting and integrating motion hardware: servo drives, amplifiers, encoders, and actuators.
• Developing and tuning PID and feed-forward controllers, as well as advanced control strategies such as model-based control and iterative learning control.
• Collaborating with mechanical and electrical engineers to ensure seamless integration of motion systems.
• Performing dynamic modelling and simulation of motion systems using MATLAB/Simulink or equivalent.
• Conducting system-level testing, commissioning, and troubleshooting of motion control systems on-site and at customer locations.
• Conducting peer reviews to ensure product quality.

THE JOB SCOPE

Technically, the job scope comprises the engineering of high-precision motion systems covering the full motion control stack, from low-level drive configuration and real-time control to high-level supervisory and diagnostics software.

In particular, the job scope covers the following:

Real-time motion control implementation using platforms such as Beckhoff TwinCAT, Siemens SIMOTION, or equivalent EtherCAT-based systems. Hardware abstraction and driver integration for servo drives (e.g. Beckhoff, Siemens, Yaskawa), encoders (linear and rotary), and fieldbus interfaces (EtherCAT, PROFINET, CANopen).

Development of device-level and domain-level control logic, including state machines and sequencing for multi-axis coordinated motion.

Implementation of application-layer features such as recipe management, calibration routines, and position error compensation.

Integration and commissioning of motion systems at customer sites.

Creating detailed functional design specifications (FDS), motion system analyses, and test reports.

JOB REQUIREMENTS

Qualifications and Experience

A technical background with a university education in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechatronics, Control Engineering, or a related field.

Minimum 3–5 years of hands-on experience in motion control system design and development in a high-tech or industrial environment.

Proven experience with servo drive systems, motion controllers, and real-time control platforms (e.g. Beckhoff TwinCAT, Siemens SIMOTION, National Instruments, or equivalent).

Strong knowledge of control theory: PID tuning, feed-forward control, frequency-domain analysis, and system identification.

Experience with dynamic modelling and simulation tools such as MATLAB/Simulink.

Familiarity with industrial communication protocols: EtherCAT, PROFINET, CANopen, or Modbus.

Experience in the semiconductor, analytical instruments, or medical device industry is a strong advantage.

Programming experience in C, C++, Python, or IEC 61131-3 (Structured Text, Ladder Logic).

Desirable Skill Set

Experience with precision positioning systems (sub-micron accuracy), wafer handling, or lithography stages. Knowledge of vibration analysis, structural dynamics, and active vibration isolation.

Familiarity with machine safety standards (ISO 13849, IEC 62061, IEC 61508).

Experience with robotics, collaborative robots (cobots), or multi-axis gantry systems.

Knowledge of Industry 4.0, digital twin technologies, and condition monitoring.

Proficiency in CAD software (e.g. SolidWorks) for mechanical integration reviews.

Experience working within Agile Scrum or Kanban teams. Worked with version control systems such as Git (GitLab, GitHub, Bitbucket).

Desirable Soft Skills

A preference for autonomy and responsibility in organizing your own work.

Good communication skills and ability to work effectively within a geographically distributed team.

A pro-active attitude with a focus on continuous improvement.

Good leadership skills are preferable.

WHAT WE CAN OFFER

Our employees are our strength and together we want to achieve the maximum. That is why we invest a lot in our employees, through generous development budgets and personal attention. According to our employees, this is what makes the difference at Sioux. We are proud of that. For us, success is more than just a good salary: it is also about feeling valued, getting responsibilities, and to be able continuously develop oneself.

• Internal training, coaching, and a generous development budget of 5000 SGD/ per year

• Varied work due to the diversity in technologies, markets, and projects

• Competitive salary, AWS, and variable bonus

• An open culture that focuses on collaboration, learning, and having fun

• An innovative work environment

Job Location

Our office is conveniently located next to the Tai Seng MRT station.

ISO Quality Assurance Engineer

• Office Location: Loyang, Singapore
• Working Hours: Mon – Fri 8am – 5.30pm,
• Monthly Salary: Basic up to $4000 + AWS + Variable Bonus (VB)
• Employment Type: Full time, Permanent Contract

Company Overview

The company specializes in delivering high-precision solutions for complex moulding applications, supporting clients from initial concept through to full-scale production. With a strong focus on quality and collaboration, the company helps transform ideas into commercially viable products. As the company continue to grow, the company remain dedicated to advancing our capabilities and driving progress within the industry.

Responsibility

• Participate in supplier management activities, including onboarding, evaluation, facility audits, and review of quality agreements to build strong supplier partnerships.

• Monitor and assess supplier performance, collaborating to identify improvement opportunities and drive quality enhancements.

• Support new supplier and material qualification, ensuring documentation completeness and compliance with material quality standards.

• Coordinate with suppliers and internal teams on qualification projects, material issues, SCAR processes, and corrective actions.

• Implement and maintain quality inspection standards for incoming and outgoing materials, ensuring timely closure of CAPA, non-conformance reports, and customer complaints.

• Lead Material Review Board (MRB) meetings, maintain ISO documentation, conduct audits, and develop action plans to ensure compliance and continuous improvement.

Requirement

• Diploma in Quality Management / engineering / Manufacturing or related field
• Minimum 2 years of relevant working experience in handling audits and ISO documentation in manufacturing industries.
• Familiarity with supplier management processes
• Familiarity with Quality Management Systems including ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 22301
• Proficient in quality tools such as PFMEA, Control Plans, and Gage R&R (Repeatability & Reproducibility)
• Proficient in structured problem-solving tools such as 8D and 5 Whys methodologies.
• Good interpersonal and communication skills, with the ability to coordinate effectively.
• Candidate who can start immediately or within short notice will be preferred

We regret to inform you that only shortlisted applicants will be notified.

Recruit Lync Pte Ltd | EA License Number: 22C1000

Chen Hoe Nam | EA Personnel License: R25158678

Info can be shared ATM: -

• Basic UP $4K (W Exp) + AWS + VB
• 5 Days office hours
• Loyang

Your Responsibilities: -

• Maintain and update documents and records on ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 13485 system
• Conduct & liaise internal and external audits
• Generate monthly report/summary of OQA rejects, customer returns, RMA, external & internal 8D, revised specs and procedures.
• Review and update Quality Management System procedures to meet the quality system requirements.
• Manage internal and external corrective action reports (CAR)
• Plan and conduct periodic system audits and participate in customer or supplier audits for compliance.
• Maintain and conduct regular review of calibration and preventive maintenance for instruments and equipment

You will need: -

• Min. 1 years of relevant working experience
• Possess knowledge of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ISO 13485 quality system

Email to kennyho@recruitlync.com
Good Luck! Only shortlisted candidates would be notified.
Ho Tze Chin (Kenny) R1762905 | Recruit Lync Pte Ltd 22C1000

Job Summary

We are seeking an experienced Supplier Quality Engineer (SQE) to manage and improve the quality of materials and services provided by external suppliers.

This role is responsible for ensuring supplier compliance with quality standards, driving continuous improvement initiatives, and working closely with internal and external stakeholders to maintain high-quality performance across the supply chain.

Key Responsibilities

• Conduct supplier audits and assessments to ensure compliance with quality standards
• Develop and implement supplier quality control plans and incoming inspection processes
• Work closely with suppliers to resolve quality issues and implement corrective actions
• Analyse quality data and identify trends for continuous improvement
• Support new product introduction (NPI) and engineering changes with suppliers
• Manage supplier qualification and approval processes
• Monitor supplier performance (KPIs such as quality, delivery, and corrective actions)
• Lead root cause analysis and drive preventive measures
• Maintain accurate supplier quality documentation and audit records
• Collaborate with cross-functional teams (procurement, engineering, production)
• Provide technical guidance and training to suppliers on quality requirements

Requirements

• Degree or Diploma in Engineering, Quality Management, or related field
• Minimum 5–7 years of experience in supplier quality engineering within a manufacturing environment
• Strong knowledge of quality management systems such as ISO 9001
• Experience conducting supplier audits and managing corrective actions
• Ability to read and interpret technical drawings and GD&T
• Proficiency in quality tools, data analysis, and problem-solving methodologies
• Strong communication, stakeholder management, and organisational skills
• Ability to manage multiple priorities and projects
• Ability to communicate in Bahasa Indonesia is required to liaise effectively with Indonesian suppliers and operational teams

Preferred Qualifications

• Certification in quality management (e.g., CQE, Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing)

  Experience in high-volume manufacturing environments

  Strong negotiation and supplier management skills

Responsibilities:

• Oversee incoming quality checks and supplier performance; identify trends and drive improvements.
• Investigate quality issues, perform root cause analysis, and implement corrective actions.
• Monitor product quality using SPC; ensure customer requirements are met from incoming to outgoing stages.
• Maintain QA documentation per ISO and internal systems, ensure QA data accuracy and integrity.
• Prepare quality documents for customer inquiries, review quality docs (e.g., COA, reports) per procedures and customer needs.
• Handle customer complaint investigations, ensuring timely resolution and proper records.
• Coordinate ad-hoc sample testing and analyze data to support quality decisions.
• Conduct risk assessments, FMEA, training, and support continuous improvement.
• Plan and take part in internal/external audits; ensure audit readiness.
• Work with cross-functional teams to resolve quality issues.
• Promote and join quality/EHS company programs.

Requirements:

• Diploma/Degree in Chemical or related science field.
• At least 2 - 5 years of relevant experience.
• Solid knowledge of quality control standards and statistical analysis.
• Strong written/verbal communication, interpersonal, and presentation skills.
• Familiarity with ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO45001 is an advantage.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office.

Interested candidates who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click on the APPLY button below to send in your resume or send to engg1@talenttradersg.com

EA License No: 13C6305

Reg. No.: R24121656 (CHEN JING WEI)

For candidate who applied for the advertised position is deemed to have consented to us that we may collect, use or disclose your personal information for purpose in connection with the services provided by us.

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Chemical Manufacturing
• Position Title: QA Engineer
• Working Location: Tuas (Walk distance from MRT)
• Working Hours: 5 Days, Monday – Friday (8.30am – 5.30pm)
• Salary Package: Basic Salary + Allowances + AWS + VB
• Duration: Permanent

Key Responsibilities

• Manage incoming inspections and evaluate supplier performance, identifying trends and implementing quality improvements.
• Track product quality from incoming to outgoing stages using SPC, ensuring compliance with customer specifications.
• Maintain and update QA documentation in line with ISO standards and internal quality systems.
• Work closely with cross-functional teams to resolve quality-related issues across departments.
• Ensure the accuracy and integrity of QA data and records according to established procedures.
• Investigate quality issues, perform root cause analysis, and implement corrective actions.
• Support customer queries by preparing and coordinating quality-related documentation.
• Prepare and review quality documents (e.g. COA, reports) in accordance with procedures and customer requirements.
• Handle customer complaints by conducting investigations and ensuring timely resolution with proper documentation.
• Coordinate sample evaluations and ad-hoc sampling activities, analysing data to support quality decisions.
• Plan and participate in internal and external audits to ensure compliance and audit readiness.
• Conduct risk assessments, FMEA, and training, while supporting continuous improvement initiatives.
• Promote and participate in company quality and EHS programmes.
• Carry out additional duties as assigned in line with business needs.

APPLY NOW!!!

• Diploma or Degree in Chemical, Science, or a related discipline.
• Minimum 2-3 years of relevant experience.
• Solid knowledge of quality control practices and statistical analysis techniques.
• Effective communication skills, both written and verbal, with good interpersonal and presentation abilities.
• Familiarity with ISO9001, ISO14001, and ISO45001 standards will be an added advantage.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office applications.

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #83859 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Rachael Lee | EA Reg No.: R2093131

We are looking for someone with strong technical, analytical,leadership and problem-solving skills, as well as demonstrating thecharacteristic of an independent and resourceful individual. In this role, youwill be responsible for defining, driving and enabling SLT test solution withon-chip integrated voltage regulator to meet NPI business milestones and KPI(test time, yield, cost, quality). The applicant must have a proficientunderstanding of High Power Delivery (above 1kW) design, power capacitors andinductors, buck/boost converters, and ideally has experience with IVR(Integrated Voltage Regulator) as well as a broad understanding ofsilicon VFT (Voltage/Frequency/Temperature) behavior, on-die silicon powerintegrity, and system level power management etc. 

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

·               Accountable to provide leadership to meet business milestone, costand quality in GPU system level test area.

·               Collaborate with internal teams to drive IVR (Integrated VoltageRegulator) SLT swim lane from pre-silicon, ASIC initial bring up to HVM (HighVolume Manufacturing).

·               Solves complex, novel, and non-recurring problems; initiatessignificant changes to existing processes/methods and leads development andimplementation.

·               Conduct engineering evaluations and analysis to qualifycutting-edge IVR for HVM and drive closure of GPU production issues.

·               Profile or characterize PI (Power Integrity), voltage droop, orpower delivery issue observed on SLT platforms in collaboration withboard/silicon designers.

·               Involves collaboration on or assuming the consultative orleadership responsibilities for a specific project or for product developmentinitiatives.

·               May provide technical supervision or mentoring junior engineers.

Soft Skills:

·               Strong problem-solving, communication, and teamwork skills.

Self-motivated andindependent, with excellent interpersonal abilities.

PREFERRED EXPERIENCE:

·               At least 8 years ofrelevant experiences

·               Bachelor / Master inElectrical /Computer Engineering or comparable disciplines

·               Experience and with goodunderstanding of Power Delivery design for high power GPU product (above 1kW),and knowledge in state-of-the-art of IVR (Integrated Voltage Regulator).

·               Strong expertise with using analyzers and oscilloscopes, and otherdebug tools.

·               Knowledge and working experience on GPU and HBM architecture, SoCdesign and SoC power management features are a strong plus.

·               Strong and effective presentation, written and verbalcommunication skills, and the ability to work with geographically distributedproduct engineering teams.

·               Proficiency in Windows, and Linux operating systems.

Basic scripting proficiency for automation (Shellscript, Perl, Ruby, Python).

·               Unix and Windowsproficiency and Java, Perl, Python scripting skills

·               ATE Test handling/execution and development experience - Advantest V93K experience preferred.

Some IP knowledge, development and debug experiencewill be advantage

• Serving as technical expert to support production and resolve manufacturing issues.
• Supporting engineering changes, deviation request, training, qualification and update procedures.
• Streamline process through supporting continuous improvement and automation implementation.
• Providing support on improvement activities through workflow and digital tools.
• Ad hoc duties

Requirements:

• Min Diploma in Engineering
• Min 1-2 years of experience in production/manufacturing
• Able to think out of the box with strong desire to learn and a great teammate.
• Good communication skills

Interested & qualified applicants, please forward your latest CV to fion@pnnacle.com.sg

• Basic $4000 to $6000 + Variable Bonus + Allowances
• Excellent Welfare and Benefits + Career progression
• Working location: West / Northeast (Both location available)
• Working hours: 8:30am – 5:30pm (Mon – Fri)
• Automation, Control, PLC Systemw

Job Responsibilities:

• Manage and implement automation projects from start to finish
• Develop software programs for control systems
• Conduct system maintenance, troubleshooting, and user training
• Work in diverse environments including process plant, vessels, and construction sites
• collaborate with cross functional teams to ensure successful project delivery

Requirements:

• Possess Diploma or Bachelor's Degree in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Mechatronics, or related field
• Familiar with industrial automation system and control instrumentation
• 2 to 3 years of relevant working experience in industrial automation or control systems

Candidates are encouraged to apply this position via Apply Now button with the following information in the resume

• Work experiences and job responsibilities
• Current and Expected salary
• Reason for leaving
• Date of availability
• Education background

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.

NG DIAUM YEE (R2198031)

EA Recruitment Pte Ltd

EA License No: 21C0492

Responsibilities:

1. Developing and executing quality control plans, including inspections, testing, and monitoring procedures
2. Analysing quality data to identify trends and implement corrective actions to prevent defects
3. Collaborating with production teams to investigate and resolve quality issues in a timely manner
4. Conducting audits and assessments to ensure compliance with internal policies, industry regulations, and customer requirements
5. Providing technical support and training to production staff on quality control best practices
6. Documenting quality-related processes and maintaining detailed records
7. Continuously seeking opportunities for process improvement and quality enhancement

Requirements:

1. Bachelor's degree in Engineering, Quality Assurance, or a related field

2. Minimum 2 years of experience as a Quality Engineer or in a similar role within the manufacturing industry

3. Strong understanding of quality management principles, statistical process control, and lean manufacturing techniques

4. Proficient in using quality control tools and software, such as SPC, Lean Six Sigma, and quality management systems

5. Excellent problem-solving, analytical, and decision-making skills

6. Effective communication and collaboration abilities to work cross-functionally

7. Willing to be permanently based in Laos.

Location: East

Working Hours: 9AM - 6PM (Monday to Friday)

Work Type: Full Time

Key Responsibilities

• Develop, implement, maintain, and validate safety critical control systems and software for industrial automation

• Design, build, installation, troubleshooting and resolving technical
  issues, collaborating with cross-functional engineering team, and maintaining compliance with industry standards

• Contribute to the testing and commissioning of equipment, ensuring reliability and functionality

Requirements

• Diploma or Degree inMechatronics/Electrical/Electronics/Computer – Engineering or equivalent
• Knowledge in Control Systems Design, Concepts and Safety Compliance Documentation
• At least 2 years’ experience in developing PC-based equipment control applications using C#, C/C++ or similar languages
• SCADA programmer/Ignition
• Knowledge in PLC programming, I/O addressing and Industry Standard Communication (e.g. ModBus, TCP/IP, EtherCAT)
• Strong interpersonal skills and able to work both individually and in a team

All Successful candidates can expect a very competitive remuneration package and a comprehensive range of benefits.

Kindly email your resume in a detailed Word/pdf format to roger.lee@peopleprofilers.com

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified

People Profilers Pte Ltd

EA Registration Number: R25127279

EA license number 02C4944

EA Personnel: Lee Kah Yung (Roger)

This Job Description belongs to and is for the One-Day Hiring event only.

KMS One-day Hiring is a fresher recruitment event that offers you an opportunity to interview with KMS and know your employment result within the same day.

Selection Process:

• Apr 20 - 8 Apr: Applications and CV Screening
• May 15: Online Interview and Offering

Your key responsibilities:

• Develop a strong understanding of domain knowledge and client testing processes to execute testing activities effectively.
• Work closely with the project team on daily tasks and participate in sprint demo meetings with clients.
• Develop, maintain, and execute test cases/test scripts.
• Identify, report, track, and monitor defects using the defect tracking system.
• Prepare and review test documentation to ensure accuracy and completeness.
• Address issues related to testing quality and suggest improvements.
• Communicate test progress, results, and quality risks both internally and directly with the client.