Total 485 structural engineer job vacancies in Art / Design / Entertainment category

• Main Contractor

• Competitive salary and bonuses.

• East / South

• Multiple Vacancies

Our Client is a A1 Main Contractor handling Civil and Infrastructure projects. With increasing projects in the pipeline locally & overseas, they are seeking experienced and professional individuals to join their local team.

Responsibilities

• Oversee the design and construction of civil and structural for buildings.
• Design concrete and steel structures, ensuring compliance with project requirements.
• Support project managers in delivering projects on time, within budget, and maintaining quality standards.
• Prepare, issue, and evaluate tender packages.
• Coordinate with architects, M&E teams, process engineers, and quantity surveyors.
• Address site-related design issues and liaise with consultants and subcontractors.
• Manage timely approvals from local authorities.

Requirements

• Degree in Civil Engineering with at least 5 years of relevant experience.
• Expertise in industrial buildings, precast structures, and long-span roof trusses.
• Hands-on site experience in piling, substructure, and superstructure works.
• Strong collaboration with M&E teams, process engineers, and quantity surveyors.
• Skilled in reviewing shop drawings for precast and steel structures.
• Knowledgeable in local authority requirements for civil and structural submissions.

OTHER INFORMATION:

• Location: East / South

• Working days: 5 Days

• Salary : up to S$7,500 / Negotiable + VB (salary will commensurate according to experience & qualifications).

HW TO APPLY:

If you are a team player, meticulous & organized, and more importantly, believe that YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE, we would like to hear from you.

Simply submit your application with your updated Resume in MS Word Format to David Sia Yi Sheng (EA Personnel Reg. No.: R1875905) by clicking the ‘Apply link’ /

or call your friendly Consultant, David, at 6590 9958 or 9271 7510 for a confidential discussion.

Please indicate the below information in your resume:

• Current & Expected Salary

• Reason(s) for leaving

• Notice Period / Availability to commence work

YOUR SUCCESS IS OUR ACHIEVEMENT!

NOTICE:

We would like to inform that only short-listed candidates will be notified. All applications will be treated with the strictest confidence.

By submitting any application or resume to us, you will be deemed to have read & agreed to the terms of our Privacy Policy, and consented to us collecting, using, retaining and disclosing your personal information to prospective employers for their consideration, and for our marketing EDMs which you may opt out by unsubscribing in the mailer. You may refer and access our website at https://www.achievegroup.asia/privacy-policy/ for more information.

Cessation of Collection of full NRIC Numbers:

In compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act and commitment to protect candidates’ personal data, Achieve Group will cease to collect, process or use full NRIC numbers during our screening and job application process.

Kindly ensure your resume provided to us does not contain your full NRIC number and full home address during your job application.

(a) Lead optical design and process development for OCS modules and

subsystems.

(b) Design optical paths, including lenses, mirrors, fiber coupling, collimators, and micro-optics for MEMS-based switches. Perform optical simulations, modelling and validations (e.g., beam propagation, coupling efficiency, loss analysis, thermal effects).

(c) Develop and optimize optical packaging processes, including fiber array alignment, adhesive selection, and optical interconnect reliability.

(d) Evaluate and qualify optical components (lenses, waveguides, fiber

assemblies, coatings) and suppliers for performance, yield, and

manufacturability.

(e) Collaborate with manufacturing partners and suppliers for key optical components, packaging tolerance analysis, and process control.

(f) Conduct design verification testing (optical insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk, reliability tests) for prototypes and products.

(g) Work with cross-functional teams (mechanical, MEMS, electronics, firmware) to integrate optical components into system-level products.

(h) Document design, simulation results, and test methodologies to support IP generation and product certification

·      Analyze complex verification and digital design problem.

·      Develop testbenches,

·      Drive/develop ASIC verification flows andscripts.

·      Create Verification architecture.

·      Work with the RTL Design team to ensurefunctional correctness and coverage.

·      Support silicon bring-up and diagnostics.

·      Support Post-silicon debug, root cause bug,provide solution or workaround.

Requirement :

-Min Bachelor Degree in Electrical and electronics, Computerengineering or similar.

-3 years relevant working experience

 -Skills requires,SystemVerilog, UVM, Scripting (Python, C++ PERL, TCL)

- Understand of RTL design.

R23115755 EA: 25C2690

SUMMARY

At SANDBOX, we have a simple yet ambitious mission: to develop market-leading specialized space design solutions which delight our clients and enrich their workflow. We are a dynamic and talented team working on exciting and sustainable projects, both locally and in the region.

Reporting to the Interior Designer, this role will be an addition to our exciting team as we look forward to put together the best possible combination of talents to take on the opportunities ahead of us.

RESPONSIBILITIES

• Lead and oversee mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) design projects to ensure timely and quality delivery
• Assist the Project Management Team in Mechanical & Electrical planning works
• Liaise with clients and consultants to clarify project requirements and ensure alignment on deliverables
• Support project engineering activities for mechanical and electrical systems to meet design specifications
• Collaborate with the costing team to verify accuracy and efficiency of engineering designs for projects
• Supervise and ensure works are in accordance with design, specifications and codes of practice
• Prepare detailed shop drawings, testing and commissioning (T&C) check sheets, and other related documents for M&E related works with the team
• Coordinate with subcontractors and consultants to prepare and submit shop drawings on schedule
• Coordinate and prepare technical submissions with suppliers and/or subcontractors
• Facilitate technical discussions with various stakeholders to resolve technical / site issues

REQUIREMENTS

• Diploma or Degree in Electrical or Mechanical Engineering or equivalent
• Min. 3-5 years’ experience in the construction industry in Singapore
• Strong technical knowledge and understanding of MEP principles, methods, and technologies
• Experience in MEP systems installation and commissioning on High-Risk Fitting-Out projects will be a bonus
• Proficient in reading and interpreting technical drawings, specifications, and project documentation
• Familiar with relevant industry regulations, safety standards, and quality assurance practices
• Proficient in AutoCAD software
• Excellent problem-solving skills and attention to detail
• Collaborate effectively with multidisciplinary teams

Thank you for your interest in this role and your time to apply. We regret to inform you that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

We are seeking a Civil Senior Design Engineer to join our Technical team for an underground link project located in Changi. The ideal candidate will have a strong background in civil infrastructure design and lead the distribution of shop drawings production, design coordination and technical documentation pertaining to the project.

Responsibilities:

• Coordinate with Construction Teams, QP(D), QPS, Client and Other Sub-Contractors’ PE for design works.
• Prepare Shop Drawings for temporary works and permanent works. Check shop drawings produced by sub-cons and seek clearance from QP(D) and Client's in-house design team.
• Discuss the temporary works scheme; seek clarifications and provide information about engineering design aspects; develop productive and respectful relationships with the site operations team and provide assurance of as-built temporary works construction; convey key temporary works design expectations to the Responsible Site Persons; be mindful and aware of changes in site conditions and raise change requests to the Designer when appropriate.
• Monitor progress of design submission packages that are tasked by the Design manager, check design for completion and efficiency.
• Review design calculations. Provide design calculations for miscellaneous designs (whenever necessary) as per construction team request and obtain PE endorsement.
• Proactively seek to optimise temporary/permanent works solutions, by eliminating risks during construction, maximising temporary works reuse, ensuring practical constructability and seeking the most economical solution. Collaborate with designers and site operation teams to seek consensus on engineering solutions and drive initiatives through.
• Resolve issues, provide insight and escalate critical concerns to the Design Manager.
• Support ad hoc design issues when requested by the Design Manager.

Requirements:

• PEB Recognised Degree in Civil Engineering
• Minimum 5 years of local relevant experience in Construction industry; Underground Construction preferred
• Well-versed with local standards and safety requirements in the construction industry.
• Good analytical, communication and interpersonal skills
• Willing to work at Changi East project site office

Job Responsibilities :

1.    Participate in development of new products and product improvements with disciplined focus in product engineering design of connector solution.

2.    Design and develop quality product and ensuring manufacturability with other engineering functions involved in product development.

3.    Perform product design activity which includes translating customer requirements into product drawings and product specification, design analysis and verification, tolerance analysis, DFMEA, etc.

4.    Ensure product designs are validated per customer requirements, respecting international industry standards.

5.    Take Project Leadership role, define and reconcile technical DFM with Process Design team

6.    Responsible for product engineering of responsible product line; and be part of integrated team anticipating and resolving customer dissatisfaction.

7.    Improve product designs to bring about reduction in manufacturing cost.

Job Requirement:

1.    Bachelor / Master Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing or other relevant discipline

2.    Minimum 5 years of product design development experience with excellent grasp of Engineering and Design principles.

3.    Experience in interconnects design industry is desirable. Senior/Staff position requires excellent design leadership skills and relevant product life-cycle knowledge.

4.    Proficient with Mechanical Design, Solid Mechanics theory and its application to product design

5.    Familiar with CAD/CAE tool: Pro-Engineer CREO/ANSYS

6.    3D CAD modeling is a must

7.    Familiar with engineering drawing standards

8.    Working knowledge of connector application, plastic technology, insert-molding, stamping processes is preferred.

Working hours:

Mon to Fri, 8:15am to 5:30pm

Job Description

As a Design Engineer, you will report to and assisting Design Manager.

Key Responsibilities

1. Understand the project requirements and specifications. This includes the architectural, structural, and MEP designs, as well as the client's requirements for the M&E ACMV systems, that may be used for various purposes of calculations, cost estimations, design for specific results, or objectives of the company.
2. Develop the M&E ACMV design in accordance with the project requirements. This includes the selection of equipment, materials, and components, as well as the development of the system layouts and drawings.
3. Calculate and coordinate the M&E ACMV design with the architectural and structural designs. This ensures that the M&E ACMV systems are compatible with the overall design of the building for the purpose of value engineering and also design and safety, while achieving technical and engineering compliance for our systems.
4. Prepare the M&E ACMV specifications. This includes the detailed descriptions of the M&E ACMV systems, as well as the performance requirements and testing procedures.
5. Guide Bim Modellers to create the BIM models of the M&E ACMV systems to meet design specifications, and the BIM models may be used for visualization, clash detection, and coordination purposes.
6. Review and approve the M&E ACMV shop drawings. This ensures that the M&E ACMV systems are constructed in accordance with the design.
7. Monitor the installation of the M&E ACMV systems. This ensures that the systems are installed correctly and that they meet the performance requirements.
8. Provide testing and commissioning compliance factors for the M&E ACMV systems. This includes testing and adjusting the systems to ensure that they are operating properly.
9. Continuous learning to further develop new methodologies, adoption of tools or techs for use in innovative solutions and any other scopes deemed necessary as part of job designation.

Preferred Experience Areas:

• Hospitals, Labs, Operating Theatres
• Commercial or Industrial Buildings (Warehouses, Factories)
• Government Projects
• Data Centers

Requirements

• Education: Degree in Mechanical Engineering or a related field. Candidates with a degree in Sustainable Infrastructure are welcome to apply. Fresh graduates are encouraged to apply.
• Experience: Must have project ACMV experience.
• Certifications: Safety certification, minimum Bizsafe Level 2. Training will be provided if not already certified.
• Skills:Proficient in English, both written and spoken.
  Strong independence and leadership in a teamwork environment.
  Knowledge in BIM is an added advantage. Inexperienced candidates must be willing to learn, with training provided.
  Ability to move across various local sites.
• Soft Skills: Excellent communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills.

Advantages & Benefits:

• 5-day work week.
• Progression-centric career development.
• AWS.
• Annual Incentive Trip.
• Sponsorships for further learning/education.
• Flexible working hours and work-from-home options.
• Comprehensive medical benefits.

At least 3 years of relevant work experience with good Degree / Diploma in Computer Science, IT or related discipline • Advanced skills in data engineering coding and principles, with expertise in designing scalable, reusable, maintainable highquality data pipelines • Skilled in designing and implementing orchestration pipelines using Python, Spark (PySpark), SQL, and related tools • Ability to write clean, efficient code from scratch, establishing core processes for data engineering within the team • Strong understanding of data warehousing, including dimensional modelling, data lakehouse concepts, data mesh, and data engineering frameworks • Experience developing data pipelines using Spark (PySpark), Delta, Parquet with hand-on experience in Microsoft Fabric, Azure Synapse, Databricks preferred

Job Summary

Join our established Civil & Structural Engineering consultancy as a Drafter. You will prepare and update detailed drawings for Good Class Bungalow projects, ensuring compliance with specifications and supporting timely project submissions.

Responsibilities

• Prepare Drawings: Create civil and structural drawings, plans, and details based on engineers’ instructions to support project design and execution.
• Update Drawings: Amend and update drawings to reflect design changes and feedback from authorities or consultants, ensuring accuracy and compliance.
• Ensure Compliance: Maintain quality by ensuring all drawings meet project specifications and drafting standards.
• Coordinate with Teams: Work with engineers and project teams to deliver drawings within deadlines, facilitating smooth project progress.
• Site Inspections: Assist in periodic structural inspections on-site with photos.
• Documentation: Maintain organized records of documentation and drawings for easy retrieval and audit purposes.
• Collaboration: Collaborate effectively with team members to support project goals and foster a productive work environment.
• Ad-Hoc Duties: Perform other duties as required.

Preferred Competencies and Qualifications

• Education: Diploma, ITE, or Technical Certificate in Civil Engineering, Drafting, or a related field.
• Technical Skills: Proficiency in AutoCAD; knowledge of SketchUp and BIM/Revit is an advantage.
• Experience: 1–3 years of relevant civil and structural drafting experience.
• Knowledge: Familiarity with building structure drawings and detailing.
• Skills: Strong attention to detail, organizational skills, and the ability to work independently.
• Teamwork: Strong communication and teamwork skills.

Design Engineer (Civil & Structural) - LTA Project

• Industry: A1 Main Contractor - Korean MNC
• Office is near Jurong East MRT, Singapore
• Site is at Jurong East MRT
• 5.5 Days 8am-6pm / 8am-12pm
• Salary: $3,500 - $6,000 + Bonus

Summary

• We are seeking an experienced Design Engineer (Civil & Structural) to support major LTA MRT projects, work closely with the Design Manager and project teams to ensure timely, accurate, and compliant design throughout the project lifecycle.

Job Description

• Assist the Design Manager and oversee the overall progress of design works on site.
• Manage drawing submission schedules in line with planned construction progress.
• Coordinate and review all design matters with LTA, authorities, consultants, and subcontractors.
• Provide technical solutions and offer design advice to internal teams.
• Manage and control design deliverables related to BIM, Technical, contractual, and cost requirements.
• Review subcontractors' shop drawings to ensure compliance with the design specifications and project standards.

Requirements

• Degree in Civil Engineering or related discipline.
• Minimum 5 years of engineering experience.
• At least 3 years of experience in civil & structural or architectural design for LTA MRT projects.

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Solar Design Engineer

Job Summary

We are seeking a detail-oriented and motivated Solar Design Engineer to join our growing renewable energy team. The ideal candidate will be responsible for designing and optimizing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for commercial and industrial projects, ensuring high performance, compliance with standards and cost efficiency. This role plays a key part in delivering sustainable energy solutions that power a cleaner future.

Duties and Responsibilities

- Design and develop solar PV system layouts for rooftop and ground-mounted projects.

- Perform system sizing, energy yield analysis, and electrical design calculations.

- Prepare technical drawings using software such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, and PV design tools.

- Conduct shading analysis and optimizing panel placement for maximum efficiency.

- Coordinate with project, procurement and construction teams to ensure design feasibility.

- Review technical specifications, single-line diagrams (SLD) and electrical schematics.

- Ensure compliance with local regulations, utility requirements and safety standards.

- Support proposal and tender submissions with technical documentation.

- Conduct site visits and assist in troubleshooting design-related issues when required.

Requirements

- Diploma/Degree in Electrical Engineering, Renewable Energy or related field.

- At least 3 years of local experience in solar PV design (commercial/industrial projects preferred).

- Proficiency in AutoCAD and PV design software (e.g. PVsyst, SketchUp, Helioscope is a plus).

- Strong understanding of electrical systems and PV components.

- Able to read and interpret technical drawings and electrical diagrams.

- Good analytical, problem-solving and communication skills.

- Team player with a proactive and responsible attitude.

- Experience in Singapore solar projects or regulatory requirements.

- Knowledge of MS Project or project scheduling tools.

- Familiarity with grid connection requirements and utility standards

Purpose: As a Mechatronic Design Engineer, you design and develop high-precision mechatronic modules and advanced motion systems for the semiconductor industry. You focus on next-generation, high-accuracy systems, including module-level test platforms, in a multidisciplinary, international setting. Your role includes programming Beckhoff PLC-based motion control software, optimizing system performance across mechanical, electrical, and control disciplines. You collaborate with cross-functional teams, take end-to-end ownership, support integration, and evaluate motion control performance.

Key Area of Responsibilities:

• Develop, test, and maintain PLC software (TwinCAT); implement safety, synchronization, diagnostics, and machine logic. Create HMI interfaces andautomated report generation.
• Design and implement motion systems and control loops to meet demanding accuracy, stability, and throughput requirements. Perform motion control tuningand signal analysis to achieve required dynamic performance.
• Translate customer and system requirements into clear motion and control specifications for modules and systems.
• Conduct calculations, simulations, and tests (frequency response, step response, control stability, etc.) and interpret their implications for system performance.
• Contribute to the organization’s competence in motion control, PLC programming, and system dynamics.

Qualification &Experiences: 

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Mechatronics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Systems & Control, or a related field.
• Minimum 3 years of hands‑on experience in PLC programming, motion control design,  or high‑accuracy mechatronic systems. Experience in the semiconductor industry or other high‑precision domains is a strong plus.
• Strong experience with Beckhoff TwinCAT or similar PLC/motion platforms(e.g., B&R, Siemens, Omron). Familiarity with EtherCAT‑based architectures is a plus.
• Experience with simulation tools (MATLAB, Simulink, Python) and measurement instruments (oscilloscopes, vibrometers, data acquisition systems)is beneficial
• Proficiency with CAD software such as SolidWorks, NX, or similar tools.
• Strong problem-solving abilities and proven capability to work efficiently within a collaborative team setting.

About the Role

We are seeking an experienced HVAC Design Engineer to join our team and contribute to exciting industrial projects both locally and internationally, including Pharmaceutical, Semiconductor, Data Center, Food, Daily Chemical, and New Energy facilities.

Main Responsibilities

1. Lead and support industrial projects both domestically and internationally, including Pharmaceutical, Semiconductor, Data Center, Food, Daily Chemical, and New Energy facilities.
2. Independently develop HVAC design deliverables for CD, BD, and DD phases, including but not limited to:
   User Requirement Specification
   Load Calculation & Air Balance Calculation
   Airflow & Instrument Diagram
   AHU Zoning Layout
   Pressurization Layout
   HVAC Design Report
   Duct Layout
   Technical Specification
   3D Modelling (Revit) or SketchUp
   Detailed Drawings (Develop or Review)
   Shop Drawings (Develop or Review)
3. Coordinate and/or manage LDI/PE/QP in design and project execution.
4. Support procurement activities, including:
   BOQ preparation / Value Engineering
   Preparation of bidding documents
   Technical bid evaluation and reporting
5. Review deliverables submitted by LDIs and subcontractors to ensure compliance with local codes and URS requirements.
6. Provide site construction support when required.
7. Support FM/LEED design consultancy tasks.

Requirements

1. Minimum 6 years of relevant working experience; more than 10 years is preferred.
2. Ability to work independently when needed, with strong teamwork spirit.
3. Proficient in office software and AutoCAD-related tools such as AutoCAD, Revit, Navisworks, CFD, etc.
4. Familiar with FDA/cGMP/ISO14644 standards and general engineering practices.
5. Knowledgeable in local building codes and international standards such as IBC, IMC, ASHRAE, etc.
6. Strong understanding of HVAC material selection.
7. Leadership capability is an added advantage.
8. Good English communication skills.
9. Willing to travel for short business trips (3–6 months).

Benefits

• 14 days annual leave
• Annual Wage Supplement (AWS)
• Phone allowance
• Medical insurance

Purpose: Lead the design, development, and validation of advanced mechatronic modules and high-precision motion systems for the semiconductor industry. Manage the full development cycle of next-generation motion platforms and test systems, transforming requirements into reliable motion architectures and PLC-based control software(Beckhoff TwinCAT). Provide technical leadership by defining specifications, managing projects, mentoring engineers, and collaborating across multidisciplinary teams to ensure seamless integration, accuracy, and performance from concept to final validation.

Key Area of Responsibilities:

• Develop, test, and maintain PLC software with TwinCAT, incorporating safety protocols, synchronization, diagnostics, and machine logic. Design HMI interfaces and automates the generation of reports.
• Define, design, and implement motion architecture and control loops to meet strict requirements for accuracy, stability, and throughput. Conduct motion control tuning and signal analysis to ensure optimal dynamic performance.
• Maintain a holistic system-level view to accurately translating customer requirements into detailed motion and control specifications.
• Support project planning and effort estimation. Identify, assess, and mitigate technical risks related to mechatronics within projects.
• Perform calculations, simulations, and tests—including frequency response, step response, and control stability analyses—and evaluate their effects on overall system performance.
• Lead initiatives to enhance the organization's expertise in motion control, PLC programming, and system dynamics.

Qualification &Experiences:

• Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Mechatronics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Systems & Control, or related discipline.
• At least 10 years of practical experience in PLC programming, motion control design, or high-precision mechatronic systems within the semiconductor industry or other high-precision fields is highly desirable.
• Demonstrated expertise with Beckhoff TwinCAT or comparable PLC/motion platforms (such as B&R, Siemens, Omron).
• Knowledge of EtherCAT-based system architectures is an advantage.
• Experience with simulation tools (MATLAB, Simulink, Python) and measurement instruments (oscilloscopes, vibrometers, data acquisition systems)is beneficial
• Proficiency with CAD software such as SolidWorks, NX, or similar tools.
• Experienced engineer skilled in managing complex design projects and leading mechatronic teams. Analytical, practical, quick learner with strong problem-solving skills and a passion for motion control.

Summary

At Apple, new ideas have a way of becoming products, services, and customer experiences very quickly. Do you want to impact millions of users by developing an extra-ordinary product with a prime focus on accuracy, understandability and performance of the product? We are the Apple Field Design Engineering team, and we are seeking a highly motivated and technical individual to work on testing unreleased Apple products. You will be responsible for evaluating the latest iPhone, iPad and Apple Watch hardware systems, in the field, from early prototype to final products, on different network and wireless technologies, including performance metrics creation/evolution, post processing and analysis of device logs from the field. Come join our team and become part of a hands-on team that fosters engineering excellence, creativity and innovation. We are a team of multifaceted, encouraging people and innovative technologies are the norm here. Bring passion and dedication to your job and there's no telling what you could accomplish, imagine what you could do here.

Description

A Field Design Engineer will be involved in evaluating the latest iPhone, iPad and Apple Watch HW/SW systems in the field from early prototype to final products. This includes very early evaluations of our prototypes and HW systems on different wireless technologies, including performance metrics creation/evolution, post processing and analysis of trace log from the field. It also includes running focused experiments in relationship to RF/OTA performance, acoustics, thermals, GPS and NFC validation, etc. The successful candidate will be working with the HW/SW development teams and other cross functional teams on identifying issues impacting the wireless performance. You will perform deep dive analysis into internal logs to understand and identify root cause of any HW/System issue.

Minimum Qualifications

• Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering or equivalent major with 15 years relevant work experience
• Hands-on experience with end to end testing of cellular technologies that includes test plan preparation, field testing, log analysis & debugging UE issues
• Working knowledge in at least one of the wireless technology 5G NR, LTE/LTE-A, UMTS
• You have experience owning a complete functional area of an application or product with clear communication across multiple levels in the organization
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills, detailed oriented, analytical, able to work independently
• Able to travel locally and internationally

Preferred Qualifications

• Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering or equivalent major
• Deep understanding of cellular protocol stack from LTE PHY/MAC to higher layers, Call processing
• Hardworking and ambitious, able to take on obstacles in innovative ways
• Knowledge of Antenna/ RF design
• Basic scripting experience (Shell/Perl/Python/Matlab)

Apple is an equal opportunity employer that is committed to inclusion and diversity, and thus we treat all applicants fairly and equally. Apple is committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodation to applicants with physical and mental disabilities.