Total 1,539 technical analyst job vacancies in Information Technology category in Hong Kong

Singapore Citizens or Permanent Residents (PR)

Role: TechnicalProject Manager (Public Sector Corporate Systems - Finance/HR/Procurement)

Total: 8+experience

Relevant Experience: At least 6 years of relevant experience to the Job Role

Residency: Singaporean or Singapore PR

Budget: SGD7K

Work location: Full time onsite at the designated project site in Singapore

Security clearance: Subject to security clearance before start work.

Engagement: 1 year renewable

Overview:

We are hiring a Technical Project Managerto maintain existing applications and drive new opportunities across the CorporateSystems Ecosystem (Finance, Procurement, Human Resource). The role involvesdesigning, developing, and enhancing tools while collaborating with ProjectManagers, Business Analysts, and Engineering teams.

You will be part of a fast-paced,collaborative team that values quality, ownership, and purpose, with a directimpact on shaping meaningful digital solutions.

Primary Responsibilities:

• Manage and ovBudgetersee a small team across multiple project deliveries and proof-of-concept initiatives
• Handle stakeholder engagement, vendor management, and progress reporting
• Ensure governance across risk, audits, security, financials, and procurement compliance
• Work with GovTech tech stack and environments (e.g., SHIP/HATS, Authentication tools, GCC, IM8, SaaS platforms)
• Drive adoption of modern technologies such as AI, Microsoft Power Platform, and SaaS solutions
• Engage with senior stakeholders to understand problem statements and recommend solution-driven approaches with a product mindset

Experience Requirements:

• Minimum 6 years of project management experience with proven delivery of systems/products overall 8+ experience
• Strong ownership mindset with the ability to initiate and drive outcomes independently
• Excellent communication and presentation skills; ability to collaborate with cross-functional teams, senior stakeholders, and vendors
• Strong analytical and strategic thinking skills with the ability to manage ambiguity
• Experience in Government ICT environments is preferred
• Domain knowledge in corporate systems such as:
• Financial Systems
• Procurement Systems
• HR Systems
• Record/Knowledge Management

Good to Have:

• Experience in digital transformation initiatives
• Hands-on exposure to AI implementations within corporate/government systems

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Cybersecurity
• Position Title: Technical Consultant
• Working Location: Bedok
• Working Hours: 5 days (Mon – Fri, 9.00am – 6.00pm)
• Salary Package: Basic salary up to $5,000 + Flexi Benefits + Variable Bonus
• Duration: Permanent Role

Key Responsibilities

• Collaborate with client organizations to design tailored solutions that meet their unique requirements.
• Conduct product and solution demonstrations, as well as presentations and proof-of-concept exercises.
• Be actively involved in supporting pre-sales activities, including participation in seminars and trade shows.
• Develop and deliver responses to technical inquiries from clients and prospects, including Requests for Information (RFIs) and Requests for Proposals (RFPs).
• Coordinate, plan, and execute activities with end customers, system integrators, and third-party vendors.
• Facilitate, develop, and enable partners in solution selling and implementation.
• Establish and maintain effective communication with our R&D center for product and project-specific implementations.
• Participate in post-sales activities, including system implementation and project management when required.

APPLY NOW!!!

• Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or related IT field.
• 1–3 years of experience in software application development, implementation, or support.
• Proficient in application development environments and languages such as Java, JavaScript and Objective-C
• Familiarity with JAVA application servers, including Oracle WebLogic and Apache Tomcat
• Knowledge of API communication methods, including REST, SOAP, XML, etc
• Proficient in RDBMS administration and operation (e.g., Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, etc.)
• Experience with both Windows and Unix/Linux operating systems, including command-line tools, scripting, and basic system administration
• Familiarity with directories such as Active Directory, ADFS, LDAP, and Single-Sign-On technologies is a plus
• Experience in mobile application development is advantageous.
• Hands-on experience in successfully managing large and complex IT projects, particularly in the banking or public sector domain, is a plus
• Willingness to travel as required

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #66234 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Angel Lim | EA Reg No.: R1769781

Installation Technician

• 5.5 Days

• Mon - Fri: 8.30am - 6pm (No OT); Sat: 8.30am - 1pm

• $ 2400 - $ 2800 (Depend on exp) + VB + Performance Incentive (After probation) = Gross $ 3500 - $ 4500

• Paya Lebar [For installation will be at client place]

• Experience in renovation / electronic works / construction environment will be a PLUS

• Class 3 driving license is a must, and company vehicle provided

• Experience in renovation / electronic works / construction environment will be a PLUS

• Training provided

 Interested applicants can also send your resume to (Liwenpoh741#gmail.com) and allow our consultant to match you with our clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

WA ME 9735 4019 for more Installation Technician role

Job Description

• Installing, servicing and maintaining of company product at customer place

• Willing to do hands on work

• Work closely with other team mate to made work faster

• Perform any other ad-hoc duties as designed

 POH LI WEN REG NO: R25136683

THE SUPREMEHR ADVISORY PTE LTD EA NO: 14C7279

Our vision is to transform how the world uses information to enrich life for all. 

Micron Technology is a world leader in innovating memory and storage solutions that accelerate the transformation of information into intelligence, inspiring the world to learn, communicate and advance faster than ever. 

Position Summary 

The Distinguished Member of Technical Staff (DMTS) in Process Development for Advanced Thin Film serves as a recognized expert both within and outside of Micron. This position is pivotal in shaping the technical vision for NAND structural and electrical film processes, with influence that spans top-level organizational boundaries. The DMTS leads programs that impact the entire engineering group, drives breakthrough innovations, and plays a key role in influencing industry-wide and cross-disciplinary teams. Additionally, the DMTS mentors senior technical leaders and guides critical roadmap decisions that set Micron’s products apart in the marketplace. 

Main Responsibilities 

• Shape the technical vision for structural and electric film processes, ensuring significant impact across top-level organizational boundaries. 

• Lead programs that span the entire engineering group, advancing innovative breakthroughs in process development. 

• Influence industry and cross-disciplinary teams through active external collaborations and strong technical leadership. 

• Mentor senior technical leaders and chip in to roadmap decisions that fundamentally differentiate Micron’s products. 

• Address and solve the most challenging technical problems, guiding teams in comprehensive root cause analysis and resolution. 

• Represent Micron at industry consortia, technical conferences, and through participation in collaborative research initiatives. 

• Develop and advocate for strategies focused on cost savings, process efficiency, and large-scale yield enhancement. 

• Own and update the structural and electric film process technology roadmap, aligning with business objectives and competitive benchmarks. 

• Initiate and lead strategic collaborations with external partners, universities, and research institutes. 

• Prepare and deliver high-impact technical presentations, white papers, and patent filings. 

• Assess technical risks and make informed decisions on process development priorities and technology investments. 

Technical Expertise 

• Mastery of ALD/CVD (plasma and thermal) processes: Pioneering new deposition methods, materials, and integration strategies for innovative NAND scaling. 

• Deep expertise in reliability modeling, process-device correlation frameworks, and advanced failure analysis across multiple technology generations. 

• Advanced electrical evaluation: leakage, breakdown, capacitance, impedance; metrology techniques including atom probe tomography, in-line defect mapping, and Statistical Process Control (SPC). 

• Authority in breakthrough innovation, cross-disciplinary leadership, and external technology benchmarking; influential in shaping industry standards. 

• Guides strategic technology decisions, mentors senior technical leaders, and directs the long-term progression of structural and electric film process development (dielectric, including lowK and highK, and carbon-based films). 

• Expert in advanced characterization: SIMS, XPS, TEM, EELS, APT, ML-assisted image analysis for HAR structures and defect mapping. 

• Leads the conception, development, and implementation of disruptive chemistries, materials, and hardware solutions for next-generation NAND. 

Required Qualifications 

PhD or equivalent in Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, or a related field. 

Over 20 years of experience in Thin Film research and development for NAND process specifically Diffusion, CVD, dielectric and carbon-based Films. 

Industry recognition: patents, publications, invited talks, and leadership roles in technical committees or consortia. 

Our vision is to transform how the world uses information to enrich life for all. 

Micron Technology is a world leader in innovating memory and storage solutions that accelerate the transformation of information into intelligence, inspiring the world to learn, communicate and advance faster than ever. 

Position Overview 

Acts as a technical authority in 3D NAND Advanced thin film development, setting strategic direction and leading multi-functional initiatives. Drives department-wide impact by architecting solutions, accelerating innovation adoption, and influencing technical standards. Engages in global projects and mentors engineers to elevate technical excellence. 

Key Responsibilities 

• Define technical strategy and lead multi-functional projects in structural and electric film development. 

• Architect solutions and promote innovative technologies across teams. 

• Influence technical standards and drive process improvements. 

• Lead advanced process development, fixing, and integration. 

• Mentor engineers and foster technical growth. 

• Participate in global collaborations aligned with Micron’s engineering expectations. 

• Integrate unit processes into full module packages and validate within and cross-module interactions, device/process linkages via wafer-level electricals. 

• Drive complex problem solving across process/structure/hardware/device interactions—root cause analysis, FMEA, SPC, and corrective actions that recover window with no yield trade-off. 

• Utilize advanced characterization (SIMS, XPS, TEM, EDX/EELS, electrical stress testing, TDS) to correlate process parameters to device performance; derive correlation models that predict reliability and scaling behavior. 

• Lead multi-functional teams and vendor engagements to push hardware/process capability, set achievements, and secure resources. 

• Mentor engineers via structured training, case studies, and hands-on development; contribute to Micron’s mentoring programs and help build SME pipelines for Advanced Thin Films. 

• Publish internal papers, BKMs, and present to senior leadership; uphold Micron’s TLP tenets: Innovate, Focus, Impact, Influence, Lead, Mentor. 

Technical Expertise: 

• Advanced proficiency in thin film processing (Plasma Enhanced CVD, Thermal CVD, ALD). 

• Hands-on experience with structural and electric film hardware and equipment optimization (dielectric and carbon based films). 

• Hardware optimization: Precursor delivery & temperature control, chamber matching/segregation, batch vs single wafer trade-offs, metrology hooks. 

• Strong understanding of process-mechanical-device interactions, reliability modeling, and 3D NAND scaling. 

• Skilled in advanced characterization techniques (SIMS, XPS, TEM, electrical stress testing) and correlating process parameters to structural and device performance. 

• Proven ability to lead technical problem-solving and support engineers developing their skills. 

Requirements :

PhD or equivalent in Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, or related field. 

15 to 20 years of experience in Thin Film research and development for NAND process specifically plasma and thermal CVD for dielectric (including highK and lowK) and carbon-based depositions. 

Demonstrated leadership in multi-functional development and vendor collaboration. 

Proven track record in architecting solutions, process-device correlation, and mentoring engineers—aligned to Micron’s SMTS leadership expectations. 

Job Description:

• Understanding of Project Specifications, construction drawings and to ensure that all site activities comply with the regulations and client’s requirements
• Monitor site works to ensure the method statements and work procedure are strictly followed.
• Competent in carrying out supervision of structural works by identifying any non-conformity of contractor’s work site
• Ensure the Builder executes the work in accordance to Consultant’s instructions
• Check drawings for discrepancies and highlight to Consultant, suggesting possible solutions to prevent delays
• Conduct quality inspections and quality control of materials used for the project
• To ensure proper documentation of site inspection records, safety records and approved /as-built drawings
• Maintaining and updating site records on progress of work, housekeeping and preparing reports
• Verify the contractors’ progress payment, claim in terms of work done and materials/equipment delivered and stored on site
• Witness all the inspection, testing and commissioning sessions performed by the contractors to ensure compliance with designs and specifications
• Report to project QP / Project Consultants Team on quality and progress
• Period: 23 months
• Start from: April 2026

Requirement:

• Min Diploma in Civil Engineering or equivalent
• At least 4 years of relevant experience in supervision of residential buildings
• Resident Technical Officer Certificate accredited by IES / ACES
• Conversant in statutory code and requirements
• Good team player with strong interpersonal and communications skills essential

Please indicate project involved, expected salary and notice period required in CV.

We regret that only short-listed candidates will be notified.

The Technical Administrator supports the hotel’s Engineering / Maintenance team by handling administrative, coordination, and documentation functions. This role ensures smooth operations, proper reporting, and compliance with client and company requirements.

Key Responsibilities

1. Work Order & Maintenance Coordination

• Receive, log, and track maintenance requests (preventive & corrective)
• Assign jobs to technicians / supervisors
• Monitor job progress and ensure timely completion
• Follow up on pending or overdue work orders

2. Documentation & Reporting

• Prepare daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance reports
• Update service reports, job completion records, and checklists
• Maintain proper filing (digital & physical) of: Work orders Service reports Quotations / POs Contracts

3. Client & Site Coordination

• Liaise with hotel engineering team and client representatives
• Schedule maintenance works and site access
• Ensure all works comply with hotel SOP and safety requirements
• Attend site meetings and take minutes (if required)

4. Inventory & Procurement Support

• Track materials usage and stock levels
• Raise purchase requests (PR) / purchase orders (PO)
• Coordinate delivery of materials to site
• Ensure no disruption due to material shortages

Requirements

• Diploma / ITE in Engineering, Facilities Management, or related field
• 1–2 years experience in admin / coordination role (hotel or facilities preferred)
• Familiar with maintenance operations / technical environment
• Good in Microsoft Excel, reporting, and ERP systems
• Able to work in a fast-paced environment and handle multiple tasks

Key Competencies

• Strong coordination & follow-up skills
• Attention to detail (important for reporting)
• Good communication with ops team & client
• Able to work independently and support operations team

Working Hours

• 5.5 days work week
• Monday to Friday: 8:00am – 5:00pm / 8:30am - 5:30pm / 9am - 6pm
• Saturday: 8:30am – 12:30pm

Main Responsibilities

As a DevOps Engineer, the engineer will play a pivotal role in implementing and maintaining the infrastructure and tools that power our organization’s platforms. He or she will work closely with cross-functional teams to enable seamless software delivery, optimize cloud environments, and ensure the reliability and scalability of our systems. This is a unique opportunity to make a significant impact on our technology stack and drive the success of our strategic initiatives.

Key Managerial Responsibilities

• Provide 3rd line support for awarding bodies, marking centers, and supervisors

• Collaborate with the Assessment Helpdesk to create user-facing technical help documentation

• Good communication skills - Interact with customers and ability to explain things to non-technical people

• Defect logging and escalation to the relevant resolver group

• Floor-walking of marking centers as required during peak

• Coordination and collaboration with global technical and operations teams

• Coordination and collaboration with third parties (who provide infrastructure and scanning solutions)

• Collaborate with development and operations teams to ensure platform reliability, scalability, and performance.

• Preparation for customer exam marking sessions

• Stay up to date with industry trends and emerging technologies to drive continuous improvement in our platforms.

Key Technical Responsibilities:

• Resolve incident tickets within contractual SLAs

• Manage CI/CD pipelines to accelerate software delivery and improve deployment reliability.

• Manage and Maintain the Azure hosted Infrastructure. (security audits/patching, version upgrades)

• Maintain cloud-native infrastructure using tools like Kubernetes, Terraform, and Azure.

• Deploying applications using existing deployment pipelines. Troubleshoot deployment failures.

• Automate infrastructure provisioning, configuration, and monitoring to enhance operational efficiency.

• Troubleshoot complex issues and implement proactive solutions to minimize downtime.

• Application monitoring and alerting

Cloud, Database & Networking

• MS SQL - Querying, Performance Troubleshooting, Administration (Backups and restores)

• Azure Cloud - VM, AKS, Networking

• Linux - Basic administration (restart services, cronjobs, sftp, troubleshoot disk space etc.)

• Familiarity with tools like Nginx and Cloudflare

• Azure Devops - Build CICD pipelines

• Teraform (IaC)

• Monitoring Applications

• Familiarity with Windows and Linux OS Patching

• Reverse proxy and forward proxy

• Basics Bash script

• Infrastructure monitoring and alerting

• Deployment of infrastructure and application

• Security patching

• Capacity management

Out of hours on call

On call requirement for service-level issues, with initial triage by global 24/7 team pn L1-L2.

When you are not available to take calls or outside of standard working hours, phone support will divert to members of the support teams in our global offices, so a close relationship with these teams and the ability to work according to organisation's high quality processes is essential.

If you feel like you or someone you know is a good fit to this role, please feel free to send an updated resume to irfan.ismail@hays.com.sg or simply click "Apply now". Lets speak!

EA Reg Number: R22107188

EA License Number: 07C3924

Company Registration No: 200609504D

• Understanding of Project Specifications, construction drawings and to ensure that all site activities comply with the regulations and client’s requirements
• Monitor site works to ensure the method statements and work procedure are strictly followed.
• Competent in carrying out supervision of structural works by identifying any non-conformity of contractor’s work site.
• Ensure the Builder executes the work in accordance to Consultant’s instructions
• Check drawings for discrepancies and highlight to consultant, suggesting possible solutions to prevent delays
• Conduct quality inspections and quality control of materials used for the project
• To ensure proper documentation of site inspection records, safety records and approved /as-built drawings
• Maintaining and updating site records on progress of work, housekeeping and preparing reports
• Diploma/Degree in M&E
• Minimum 5 years of relevant working experience in the capacity of RTO for supervision of building projects in Singapore.
• Resident Technical Officer Certificate accredited by IES / ACES
• Knowledge and Experience in institutional
• Conversant in statutory code and requirements
• Good team player with strong interpersonal and communications skills essential

Job Description:

• Understanding of Project Specifications, construction drawings and to ensure that all site activities comply with the regulations and client’s requirements
• Monitor site works to ensure the method statements and work procedure are strictly followed.
• Competent in carrying out supervision of structural works by identifying any non-conformity of contractor’s work site
• Ensure the Builder executes the work in accordance to Consultant’s instructions
• Check drawings for discrepancies and highlight to Consultant, suggesting possible solutions to prevent delays
• Conduct quality inspections and quality control of materials used for the project
• To ensure proper documentation of site inspection records, safety records and approved /as-built drawings
• Maintaining and updating site records on progress of work, housekeeping and preparing reports
• Verify the contractors’ progress payment, claim in terms of work done and materials/equipment delivered and stored on site
• Witness all the inspection, testing and commissioning sessions performed by the contractors to ensure compliance with designs and specifications
• Report to project QP / Project Consultants Team on quality and progress
• Period: 36 months
• Start from: July 2026

Requirement:

• Min Diploma in Civil Engineering or equivalent
• At least 4 years of relevant experience in supervision of residential buildings
• Resident Technical Officer Certificate accredited by IES / ACES
• Conversant in statutory code and requirements
• Good team player with strong interpersonal and communications skills essential

Please indicate project involved, expected salary and notice period required in CV.

We regret that only short-listed candidates will be notified.

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Construction
• Position Title: Technical Engineer
• Working Location: Boon Lay
• Working Hours: 5 days (Mon – Fri, 9.00am – 6.30pm)
• Salary Package: Basic salary up to $4,500 + Variable Bonus
• Duration: 2-years Contract (Convertible to Permanent)

Key Responsibilities

• Prepare technical reports, design calculations, and specifications
• Create 2D and 3D drawings as needed
• Plan and oversee engineering projects
• Conduct feasibility studies and technical assessments, including site investigations
• Carry out site inspections and investigations as required
• Coordinate and communicate with clients, authorities, architects, engineers, contractors, and suppliers to resolve design and development issues
• Conduct research and gather data for projects and Capstone initiatives
• Ensure project compliance with current codes of practice and legal requirements
• Attend training courses provided by the company

APPLY NOW!!!

• Bachelor’s degree in civil & structural engineering, or relevant discipline
• Recognised qualification by the Professional Engineers Board Singapore (PEB) preferred
• Experience in restoration, civil or structural engineering design, or project management is an advantage
• Proficient in Microsoft Office and engineering design software
• Able to perform engineering hand calculations to relevant codes (BS/EC)
• Experience with CAD or BIM is preferred
• Willing to travel as required

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #65005 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Angel Lim | EA Reg No.: R1769781

• Overall responsible for technical operations of the assigned oil tankers.
• Ensure that the vessels achieve the necessary technical standards and performance.
• Manage the vessels certificates and documents to ensure they are systematically updated and stored.
• Prepare and manage vessels’ technical budget and monitor dry-dockings and other required repairs and maintenance jobs.

Requirements:

• Third Engineer (COC Class 3)
• At least 2 years of experience as Technical Superintendent for Bunker.

If you are keen to apply for the position, kindly email your detailed resume in MS Word to hr@recruit-expert.com

Please note that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

For more job opportunities, please visit our website at www.recruit-expert.com

EA Licence: 19C9701

Registration: R21100996

Issue Coordination

• Review and understand incoming IT issues and route them to the appropriate support personnel

• Follow up on open cases until resolution

• Ensure all updates are accurately captured in the IT Management System

IT Management System Ownership

• Take ownership of the IT Service Management system

• Ensure tickets are properly logged, updated, assigned, and closed

• Assign cases to the appropriate support staff

• Maintain ticket categories, templates, and basic system configurations

• Generate weekly reports when required

Administrative Support

• Prepare and submit Purchase Orders (POs)

• Consolidate quotations and obtain necessary endorsements

• Maintain simple tracking of Purchase Requisitions (PRs), POs, and vendor activities

Documentation

• Prepare documentation based on discussions and process workflows

• Develop clear and user-friendly manuals for staff

• Update documentation when system or process changes occur

Communication Support

• Liaise with users to gather necessary details for reported issues

• Provide timely updates to users on case progress

• Coordinate with vendors for scheduled work and follow ups

IT Operations Assistance

• Support basic account-related requests

• Prepare meeting notes, summaries, and action items

• Assist in testing cycles and simple User Acceptance Testing (UAT) activities

Additional Responsibilities

• Support company events when required

• Perform any other duties as assigned

Requirements

• At least 8 years’ experience in Financial Planning & Analysis
• Good understanding of Core Finance processes: Record to Report, Procure to Pay, Order to Cash, Reporting and Analysis
• Ability to deal with complexity and to handle multiple tasks concurrently.
• Proven track record in planning, strategizing and supporting Finance and/or Procurement.
• A "hands on" proactive and self-driven attitude is required, who enjoys challenges and thrives in a fast changing and demanding environment.
• Excellent oral and written communication skills, with ability to interact and influence senior management level.

Purpose of the Role

The Finance Management Lead of technology business planning will be:

• Developing and maintains productive and collaborative relationships with Stake Holders.
• Budgeting and performing budgeting analysis for the Tech department with inputs from Tech and Business Stake Holders.
• Participating in Service Review with Business Units in area of Tech finance.
• Driving and provides support in Cost Optimization.
• Serves as the bridge between Tech and Business Units as a “trusted advisor” on all Tech cost, recharges and procurement matters.
• Collaborates with Tech team leads to resolve operational and project issues related to Finance/Procurement activities.
• Management reporting for the Tech and Operations department.
• Policy and procedure development for the Tech business planning department.

• Minimum 3 years of working experience in application testing, development and delivery.
• Minimum 6 years of functional experience in AML transaction monitoring applications, specifically in Actimize preferred.
• Good understanding and experience in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
• Ability to work in a fast-paced, team-oriented environment. Ownership and ability to question and understand processes.
• A strong & assertive communicator in speaking & writing Analytical mindset and good problem solving skills.
• Experience with Oracle PL/SQL, Oracle SQL.
• Good to have: Batch Scripting, Control M, DevOps.

Database (Ability to use and understand for the purpose of analysis and design an investigation) Analyse Requirements and form solutions for the application.

• Works with external application/user teams on E2E executions.