Total 13,481 Full-time mechanical engineer job vacancies in Australia

·      Job description

·      We are seeking a motivated and talented Software Engineer – Java Developer to join our development team. 

·      The ideal candidate will be responsible for analysing requirements, developing high-quality applications, performing testing activities, and supporting software implementation and maintenance while adhering to coding standards and security guidelines. 

Key Responsibilities 

·      Analyse process and program specifications and translate them into efficient, maintainable code. 

·      Develop, test, and maintain Java-based applications and software components. 

·      Ensure adherence to programming standards, coding best practices, and security guidelines.

·      Perform configuration management activities, including planning, controls, and audits. 

·      Develop unit test cases, execute tests, and document results to ensure software quality. 

·      Support integration testing, system testing, User Acceptance Testing (UAT), and production implementation. 

·      Investigate and resolve defects, bugs, and production issues in a timely manner. 

·      Perform system enhancements and modifications as required. 

·      Prepare and maintain technical and system documentation. 

·      Analyse functional requirements and contribute to application design using established development methodologies. 

Required Qualifications

·      1–4 years of experience in application development and software delivery. 

·      Hands-on experience in Java and related technologies. 

·      Experience in system development and maintenance. 

·      Strong analytical and problem-solving skills with a creative mindset. 

·      Good written and verbal communication skills in English. 

·      Willingness to travel when required. 

·      Preferred Attributes Self-motivated with a positive attitude and high energy. 

·      Strong commitment to quality and timely delivery. 

·      Excellent teamwork, communication, and interpersonal skills. 

·      Customer-focused with a strong service orientation. 

·      Ability to work independently as well as collaboratively within a team. 

·      Oracle Certified Professional (Java) certification is an added advantage.

The Site Engineer (Building) is responsible for assisting the Senior Site Engineer on the progress of site works and manpower related aspects of the project.

A summary of the responsibilities of this position are, and not limited to, as follows:

• Monitor and review master construction program and preparation of catch-up program, if applicable.
• Monitor and supervise Engineers / foremen, ensure compliance to the quality procedures & standard of workmanship. Checking on quality and quantity of work by subcontractors.
• Preparation of detailed program for the site team to follow accordingly & completed in time.
• Resolve drawing discrepancies & technical difficulties with Technical team.
• Preparation of detailed method statements and work instructions for construction.
• Coordinates between sub-contractors/vendors/internal departments and monitor site manpower / material / equipment demands to meet schedules.
• Liaise with the Consultants on the submission related to structural works and Technical Department.
• Plan all works on site, including program schedules and construction methods, forecast equipment, material and manpower requirement, and control usage and wastages of all.
• Adherence to safety practices in the work place.

Qualifications and Education Requirements

• Education: Degree in Civil Engineering from a recognized University
• Experience: Prior 3 years experience in building projects
• Minimally have completed 1 cycle of the project of at least $100M in project value

Immediate 1 Year Project Assignment for Singaporean to join as Network Engineer (Cisco/Fortigate) at Airport work Location

Mon to Fri Office hours 

If you have Dip in IT +2yrs network maintenance experience on Cisco & Fortigate products & seeking to work at Airport location, this is the job for you.

Remuneration: Basic + 1 month Completion Bonus + HP Claim 

Primary Purpose:

1)           Perform and ensure routine maintenance activities are carried out as scheduled.

2)           Perform OS upgrades/patching.

3)           Attend to network and system service and change request. 

4)           Provide resolution for all application and/or technical incidents and work with external support if required.

5)           Identify root cause, preventive and corrective measures for identified problems to prevent recurring incidents.

6)           Provide incident and problem reporting for all stakeholders in timely and professional manner.

7)           Assist in preparing system related documents and ISO Audit

8)           Participate in new project implementation, requirement gathering, setup & installation, testing and commissioning.  

Responsibilities:

Assist in Project Implementation and Maintenance of the Implemented System.

Our Requirements:

1)           Possess at least a Diploma or its equivalent in Computer / IT with minimum 2-3 years working experience in related field. Those with CCNA but no work experience with positive learning attitude can be considered.

2)          Ideal Candidate : 2-3 years of working experience as a Network Engineer supporting Cisco, Fortigate, Huawei product in switch, router, firewall, monitoring tools, security appliances and cablings.

3)           Trained or certified in Cisco, Fortigate products would be advantageous.

4)           Analytical, proactive and able to multi-task and prioritize all work assigned.

5)           Team player with good English communication skills who can also work independently under minimum supervision.

6)           Motivated individual with challenger spirit and leadership are strongly encouraged to apply.

7)           Exceptional troubleshooting and customer-handling skills would be advantageous.

8)           Proactive and responsive on all assigned tasks and incidents and follow up

ES Recruitment Pte Ltd

EA License No: 09C4235

EA Reg: R1103307 (Hong Mei Lin) 

*Resident Engineer (Mechanical & Electrical)

* Degree in Mechanical or Electrical Engineering or equivalent

or accreditation recognized by PEB Singapore; and

* Possess at least 5 years of relevant and practical experience

on site.

In addition to the qualifications, site supervision and practical experience as

specified, all Site Supervisors shall also possess the following competencies and

personal attributes:

* technically strong, able to review design details, method statements and use

sound judgment to resolve site issues during the course of construction works;

*conversant with local building codes and regulations, authority requirements

and practices;

* attended minimally 1 safety course & demonstrate safety acumen to highlight

potential safety infringements/unsafe practices on site;

* demonstrate maturity and ability to manage a team of Site Supervisors

* possible good communication and inter-personal skills, and able to work as a

team player;

* diligent, methodical, meticulous and willing to work overtime; and

* keen learner and supportive of digitalization efforts in projects.

* Relevant experience refers to the necessary site supervision / practical experience and skills set that the site supervisor possesses to supervise the construction of the civil / structural / mechanical and electrical / architectural works of the project(s) to which he is to be assigned to.

* Subject to the approval of the supervising qualified persons, the number of years of working experience as a project engineer in a Civil & Structural Engineering consultancy firm or as a construction engineer with large contractor firms supervising engineering works may be considered in the respective minimum number of years of experience for SRE and RE.

Reporting to Business Operations Manager, Singapore 

As a Project Engineer, you will work closely with project managers and a team of engineers and technicians to ensure the successful installation and commissioning of Integrated security projects. You will be responsible for managing the project lifecycle, from planning and execution through to completion, ensuring tasks are delivered on time and within budget. Your role will require expertise in security system installation, troubleshooting, and system optimization, along with a focus on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.  

What you might do on a day to day   

Project Execution & Management  

• Lead the installation, testing, and commissioning of Integrated Security systems (Access Control, CCTV, etc.) at client sites.  

• Oversee on-site installation, maintenance, repairs, and troubleshooting of systems.  

• Coordinate with internal teams to ensure projects are delivered according to schedule, budget, and quality standards.  

• Maintain regular communication with the Project Manager to provide updates on project progress, risks, and issues.  

• Prepare and submit detailed progress reports, including performance analysis and corrective actions.  
  

Technical Systems Management  

• Program and configure security systems (S2, C-cure, Gallagher, Lenel, Milestones, etc.) to meet client specifications.  

• Perform diagnostic testing and resolve technical problems efficiently, ensuring minimal system downtime.  

• Conduct Planned Preventative Maintenance (PPM) on existing systems and recommend system improvements.  

• Undertake surveys and assist in preparing pricing for system upgrades or changes requested by clients.  
  

Customer & Stakeholder Engagement  

• Cultivate and maintain strong, positive relationships with customers, addressing inquiries, feedback, and complaints in a professional manner.  

• Collaborate with the technical team to ensure compliance with project specifications and handle any variation claims.  

• Assist clients in understanding their security requirements and offer tailored recommendations to enhance system performance.  
  

Operational Excellence & Compliance  

• Ensure adherence to company procedures, project KPIs, and reporting requirements.  

• Identify opportunities for operational improvements and contribute to initiatives aimed at enhancing service delivery and efficiency.  

• Comply with health and safety standards, ensuring safe working practices across project sites.  
  

Skills & Experience:  

• Minimum of 2 years' experience in a similar role within the Electronic Security industry.  

• Strong knowledge of Integrated Security Systems installation and commissioning (e.g., Access Control, CCTV, etc.).  

• Experience with security software such as S2, Gallagher, Milestone, etc. Strong experience with Lenel and C-CURE would be highly regarded, and relevant certifications are advantageous but not essential.

• Technical Certificate or Diploma in Electrical /Electronic Engineering or related field.  

• Proficient in Microsoft Office programs; basic knowledge of IT networking and CAD is advantageous.  

• Strong project management skills, with the ability to manage time, resources, and tasks effectively.  

• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills, with the ability to work collaboratively with technical teams and customers.  

Who You Are:  

• A proactive problem-solver who thrives in fast-paced environments.  

• Detail-oriented, with a keen focus on delivering high-quality results.  

• Able to manage multiple projects and priorities simultaneously, ensuring deadlines and objectives are met.  

• Technically adept with a strong understanding of security systems, coupled with a passion for continuous learning and development.  
  

Position Summary

The Senior NPI Moulding Process Engineer is responsible for the development, optimization, validation, and industrialization of injection moulding processes for new product introductions. The role provides specialist moulding expertise within the NPI team, ensuring robust and capable manufacturing processes are established and successfully transferred into production.

Key Responsibilities

• Lead moulding process development activities for NPI programmes.

• Develop moulding strategies aligned with project timelines and customer requirements.

• Plan and execute mould trials including T0, T1, T2 and T3 activities.

• Establish process windows using scientific moulding principles.

• Conduct DOE studies and process optimization activities.

• Support DFM reviews, tool design reviews and supplier technical discussions.

• Review Moldflow analyses and provide technical recommendations.

• Lead process validation activities including IQ, OQ and PQ.

• Define critical process parameters and process control strategies.

• Develop process setup sheets, standards and validation documentation.

• Support FAT and SAT activities for tooling, automation and equipment.

• Provide technical leadership during customer and supplier reviews.

• Drive continuous improvement initiatives relating to moulding processes.

• Capture and implement lessons learned across NPI programmers.

• Support successful transfer of validated processes into production.

Qualifications & Experience

• Degree or Diploma in Engineering, Manufacturing, Polymer Engineering or related discipline.

• Minimum 5 years of injection moulding process engineering experience.

• Experience supporting New Product Introduction (NPI) programmes.

• Strong understanding of scientific moulding principles.

• Experience within medical, electronics, or high-precision manufacturing environments preferred.

• RJG or equivalent scientific moulding certification preferred.

Our client is a Manufacturing MNC, one of the leading players in the Contract Manufacturing sector. Due to business needs, they are now recruiting a QMS Engineer to be part of their Quality team for ongoing transformation projects. They are located in the North – easily accessible.

Duties of QMS Engineer

• Support the implementation and maintenance of the Quality Management System (QMS) in accordance with ISO 13485 and relevant regulatory requirements.
• Manage controlled documentation, including procedures, work instructions, specifications, and technical records.
• Plan, coordinate, and conduct internal audits to ensure compliance and audit readiness.
• Maintain and improve QMS processes, including document control, change management, and system validation activities.
• Review and update quality documentation to ensure alignment with operational and regulatory standards.
• Prepare reports, maintain quality records, and support management review activities.
• Identify process improvement opportunities and drive corrective and preventive actions.
• Deliver quality-related training and communicate updates on quality and regulatory requirements.
• Support customer audits, external assessments, and quality-related inquiries.
• Assist in the deployment of QMS frameworks for new operations or facilities.
• Participate in internal auditing activities and support continuous compliance initiatives.

Requirements

• Minimum Diploma in relevant discipline
• 2-3 years of quality management system experience in manufacturing industry
• Experience in ISO13485

Interested candidates who wish to apply for the advertised position, please click APPLY NOW or email an updated copy of your resume/cv.
We regret that only shortlisted candidate will be notified.

Email Address: jobs@recruitpedia.sg

EA License No: 19C9682
EA Personnel No: R2198636
EA Personnel Name: Oh Puey Xin

Responsibilities:

Responsibilities for this position involve working closely with SOC Design, SW/System, and Chipset PE/PM/PdM to validate Digital SOC chip on ATE, SLT and Bench; collaborate with Test Engineering, SLT, and Bench to develop HVM Test Solution. The role is expected from project planning to execution on Digital SOC development. Cross collaboration work is expected with SW, System, Design, Process and Customer Engineering on power and performance related tests for High Volume Manufacturing. The individuals selected for the positions will need to be able to work in a fast paced and dynamic environment and be passionate about delivering quality work.

Requirements:

Experience in Digital SOC development from planning, silicon validation to High Volume Manufacturing phase. Experience in ATE/SLT test coverage, test HW development, data analytics/ statistics, product reliability qualification (ESD/LU, HTOL and Package Qual), ATE System correlation for power and performance, project updates to upper management and cross functional teams, stakeholder management, and risk management.

Education Requirements:

Min 3 years of related job experience in product, test, product engineering.

Bachelor's/Master’s, Electrical and Electronic Engineering or Computer Engineering 

A. Senior Resident Site Staff with Degree in Architecture (hereinafter referred to as “SRA”)

1. Strategize, oversee and coordinate the overall quality assurance and quality control processes, including enforcement & inspections activities.

2. Liaise, coordinate and cooperate with Other Consultants to resolve on-site design and technical/coordination issues in a timely manner.

3. Carry out the proper and full-time site supervision work for the satisfactory construction and completion of all building works including but not limited to architectural and interior design (ID) works, all in compliancewith the specified requirements in the contracts between the Employer with the Contractor (which includes any subcontractor whether nominated or privately engaged by the Contractor), and in accordance with the relevant building authorities’ rules, regulationsand requirements.

4. Manage and organize the M&E site team to ensure orderliness and coordination of work processes on site. Attend to & provide timely and quality advice to the other Site Staff/ RTO in resolving problems.

5. Review and assign week to week work schedule for the entire site team including ID, Façade, C&S and M&E. Organize with assigned Site Staff/ RTOs to ensure all site diaries and inspection records are kept, consolidated& filed weekly.

6. Liaise with the Other Consultants to ensure that Requests for Information (RFIs) and technical queries from the Contractor are responded in a timely manner.

7. Review contract documents and drawings and highlight if there are any discrepancies between these documents. All discrepancies shall be brought to the attention of the Other Consultants concerned.

8. Seek clarification from the SO/SOR/SORA on any apparent discrepancies between site and contract drawings, specification requirement, approved shop drawing, CSD and room book, etc. before giving any directions to theContractor.

9. Organize the information gathering and compilation, and render assistance to the Other Consultants in the review of the Contractor’s Claims.

10. Report regularly on the overall project status, assist with the preparation of the Certificate of Stage Completion, Progress Reports, design coordination, buildability and quality issues.

11. Review Contractor’s works methodology, remedial details and material submissions and ensure that all installation methods and material used are in accordance with the contract drawings and specifications.

12. Ensure checking & approval of shop drawings, catalogues and samples by the Design-Site Team are executed in a timely manner.

13. Liaise with the Contractor in resolving site installation problems. All problems on site shall be referred immediately to the Other Consultants.

14. Monitor the Contractor’s installation works against the construction programme. In the event of delays, the SRA shall assist the Contractor to mitigate delays but without compromise on quality.

15. Review all Operation and Maintenance Manuals, and coordinate with Employer in handing over of the works/MEP installations to Employer’s assigned maintenance staff.

16. Attend meetings & working sessions as required by the SO/SOR/SORA.

17. Ensure that all incoming and outgoing design, shop, construction and cocoordination drawings are properly recorded, collated and filed.

18. Check the accuracy of all RAOV/RFI to ensure they are recorded, costed and issued appropriately, including all necessary clarification with the QS on the extent of changes.

19. Be able to explain to the Employer when necessary the reasons for the RAOV/RFIs.

20. Check and review the Contractor’s site progress in line with the Other Consultant’s instructions. Conduct site meetings with site staff for updates and coordination of works at specified intervals.

21. Ensure that daily activities are recorded and or any other form of records as required to facilitate the works, are properly maintained on site by site staff.

22. Ensure issuance of defects list and monitor/supervision progress of rectification works are executed.

23. Conduct site check in conjunction with the Employer & Project Managers in assessing dispute claims & variation orders by the Contractor, when necessary.

24. Ensure that the Contractor records accurately on drawings, the installation works on site. This is to ensure that the as-built drawings reflect accurately the work that has been done on site.

25. Verify that all constructed works are in accordance with drawings approved by the relevant authorities prior to any such authorities’ inspection.

26. Ensure compliance with widths of all escape routes, stairs, handrails, doors.

27. Ensure compliance to the fire safety standards governed by the Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings issued by the Singapore Civil Defence Force.

28. Ensure compliance to the relevant Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment as governed by the Building and Construction Authority in Singapore.

29. Assist the Contractor to organise formal inspections required by the relevant Authorities.

30. Ensure that all comments/non-conformance issued by the relevant authorities are addressed and rectified on site within two weeks of receipt.

31. Ensure that all installation works are in accordance with approved methods, and material used is in accordance with contract drawings and specifications.

32. Witness tests carried out by Contractor and record the results, and assisting in testing and commissioning of all works / MEP systems.

33. Attend meetings & working sessions as required by the SO/SOR/SORA.

34. Ensure the accuracy of and endorse on as-built drawing.

Job Description

• Industry/ Organization Type: Air Conditioning Engineering
• Position Title: M&E Engineer
• Working Location: Yishun
• Working Hours: 5.5 days (Mon – Fri, 9.00am – 6.00pm, Sat, 9.00am – 1.00pm)
• Salary Package: Basic salary up to $4,000 + Variable Bonus
• Duration: Permanent Role

Key Responsibilities

• Review M&E drawings and check for conflicts with structural, architectural, or client requirements.
• Supervise project work, including site quality checks and final measurements.
• Identify and resolve technical issues.
• Work with clients, architects, consultants, subcontractors, suppliers, and authorities.
• Coordinate subcontractors to meet quality standards and the project schedule.
• Track daily work schedules.
• Report defects in materials or workmanship and submit Non-Compliance Reports for corrective action.
• Inspect subcontractors’ work for compliance with quality and safety requirements.
• Any other duties as assigned by management.

APPLY NOW!!!

• At least 5 years’ experience managing ACMV works.
• Valid Class 3 driving licence to drive in Singapore (or able to obtain one).
• Proficient in Microsoft Office and AutoCAD.
• Work at Height Certificate (Assessor/Manager).
• OFAC certification is an advantage.

Kindly apply through ANY of the following methods:

• Submit your application by clicking the APPLY button;
• Email your resume to Job@anradus.com.sg. Please indicate #79830 on the email subject.

Anradus Application Policy: We value each application and ensure every resume is reviewed. Our process is efficient, typically concluding within 3 working days. If you do not receive communication from us within this timeframe, it's likely that your application has not been shortlisted by our client. In such cases, we recommend continuing your job search to maximize your opportunities.

Anradus Pte Ltd | EA License No. 20C0161 | Angel Lim | EA Reg No.: R1769781

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: 

• Review product and process indicator to ensure product conform to quality requirement 
• Trigger product containment when there is non conformity 
• Coordinate MRB for disposition of non conformance parts 
• Handle customer feedback and coordinate investigation/improvement activities 
• Coordinate regular review on process KPIV, KPOV control limits and reaction guides 
• Drive for process FMEA 
• Drive for quality improvement activities to address internal factory quality incidences and follow up with process team on root cause findings and improvement plan 

This position is part of our Early Career program at WD. Our Early Career program is designed to support individuals beginning their professional career by providing the foundational training through a structured onboarding, mentorship, and development curriculum.

Job Description:

We are looking for Utility Hook-Up Engineer with experience in semiconductor tool installation and facility utility coordination.

Key Responsibilities:

• Plan, coordinate, and oversee utility hook-up works for semiconductor tools and equipment
• Review engineering drawings, layout plans, and technical specifications
• Coordinate with clients, contractors, vendors, and internal project teams to ensure project requirements are met
• Ensure compliance with safety standards, cleanroom protocols, and semiconductor industry regulations
• Monitor project schedules, site progress, testing, and commissioning activities
• Troubleshoot installation issues and provide technical solutions
• Prepare project documentation, reports, and as-built drawings

Requirements:

• Degree or Diploma related Engineering field
• Familiar with utility hook-up services for semiconductor tools/equipment
• Strong knowledge of semiconductor facility systems and cleanroom environment
• Experience in process piping, HVAC, and facility coordination
• Ability to interpret technical drawings and engineering specifications
• Strong project coordination, problem-solving, and communication skills

Preferred Experience:

• Semiconductor fab / wafer plant project experience
• Project management or site supervision experience

Job Responsibilities

• Plan, coordinate, and supervise ACMV installation, testing, commissioning, and maintenance works.
• Manage project schedules, manpower allocation, and subcontractors to ensure timely project completion.
• Review technical drawings, specifications, and project requirements.
• Prepare method statements, risk assessments, and work procedures.
• Conduct site inspections to ensure work quality, safety, and compliance with project specifications.
• Liaise with clients, consultants, main contractors, suppliers, and authorities on project matters.
• Coordinate material procurement and monitor delivery schedules.
• Troubleshoot ACMV system issues and propose technical solutions.
• Prepare project reports, progress updates, and documentation.
• Ensure compliance with Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) regulations and company safety policies.
• Attend project meetings and provide technical support throughout the project lifecycle.
• Assist in preparing quotations, variation orders, and project claims when required.
• Support testing, balancing, commissioning, and handover of ACMV systems.

Job Requirements

• Diploma or Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Building Services Engineering, or related field.
• Minimum 5 years of relevant ACMV experience .
• Familiarity with ACMV systems, including chilled water systems, VRV/VRF systems, ventilation systems, and ductwork.
• Ability to read and interpret engineering drawings and specifications.
• Knowledge of Singapore building codes, BCA requirements, and WSH regulations.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office, AutoCAD, and project management software.
• Strong problem-solving and troubleshooting skills.
• Good communication and interpersonal skills.
• Ability to work independently and manage multiple projects simultaneously.
• Possess a Class 3 driving licence (preferred).
• Experience in commercial, industrial, or residential ACMV projects is an advantage.

About Us:

Tentacle Tech is an IT and software development consulting company serving some of Asia's largest enterprises. We deliver technology solutions, software development services, and IT consulting across multiple industries. We are looking for a talented professional to join our growing team in the technology sector.

The Role:

We are seeking a motivated AI Engineer to join a dynamic team within the technology sector. This is an excellent opportunity for a fresh graduate or early-career professional eager to apply their AI knowledge in a real-world, on-site environment and grow their career on a contract basis.

What You'll Do:

• Design, develop, and deploy artificial intelligence and machine learning models
• Collaborate with cross-functional teams to identify and address AI-driven solutions
• Analyse datasets to extract meaningful insights and support decision-making
• Assist in the research, evaluation, and implementation of emerging AI technologies
• Support the maintenance and continuous improvement of existing AI systems
• Document technical processes, models, and outcomes clearly and accurately

What We're Looking For:

• Degree in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science, Data Science, or a related field
• Foundational knowledge of machine learning frameworks and AI principles
• Familiarity with programming languages such as Python• Strong analytical and problem-solving abilities
• Good communication skills and a collaborative mindset
• Fresh graduates are encouraged to apply

What We Offer:

• Competitive salary
• On-the-job training and mentorship from experienced technology professionals
• Exposure to real-world AI projects within the technology sector Supportive and collaborative team environment
• Career progression opportunities upon successful contract engagement

How to Apply:

Apply now with your latest CV or reach out to our recruitment team to learn more.

About the Role

We are seeking a skilled Service Engineer who installs, maintains, and troubleshoots security systems, delivers reliable technical support, and ensures optimal system performance and customer satisfaction.

Job Responsibilities

Installation & Commission

• Set up and configure equipment or systems at customer sites.
• Ensure proper functioning and compliance with specifications.

Maintenance & Repairs

• Perform routine preventive maintenance.
• Diagnose and fix faults or breakdown in equipment or systems.

Technical Support

• Provide on-site or remote support to customers.
• Troubleshoot issues and offer solutions promptly.

Customer interaction

• Communicate effectively with clients to understand their needs.
• Train users on proper operation and maintenance of equipment.

Job Requirements

• Minimum NITEC in Electrical / Electronic Engineering
• Minimum 5 year working experience in Security system suchas Integrated Security Management System, Card Access Control System, IntrusionDetection System, FIDS System, CCTV System, PA System, Fire Alarm System.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite (Excel, Word,Outlook), Microsoft Project, MS Team and AutoCAD
• A self-starter, comfortable working independently andtake high level of responsibility.
• Resilience, entrepreneurship spirits, self-direction,risking-taking and adaptability to environment.